ENTOMOLOGY. 263 



this pi'st tlic use of kainit and nitrate <if soda about tiic roots of j)lants is rcconi- 

 niendeil, as well as scattering sand niixod ^vith kerosene around the base. 



Carrot fly {Psila rosx) is described and brief notes given on its habits. In coin- 

 ])ating this insect the author recommends spraying with kerosene emulsion imme- 

 diately after sowing, again after germination, and a third time after the carrots are 

 thinned. Infested carrots shoxild be removed and fed or otherwise disposed of. 



Notes are given on Sircx gigas and S. juvencus, which are injurious to spruce, fir, 

 larcn, and pine. Notes are given on the habits and life history of these species. 

 Tlie eggs are usually deposited in diseased trees or such as have been accidentally 

 wounded. Such trees should be felled and removed from the forest. 



Some insects injurious to the violet, rose, and other ornamental plants, 

 F. II. CniTTENnEx ( l\ S. Jhpt. Agr., Divhioii. of Entonwlogy Bid. 27, n. ser., pj). 1J4, 

 pis. 4,fig^- "9). — The observations reported in this bulletin relate chiefly to insects 

 which attack violets, but include, also, accounts of several greenhouse insects and 

 speeies which are injurious to the rose, morning glory, and other ornamental plants. 



Greenhouse leaf tier {Phlyctvcnia ruhignlis) (pp. 7-26) attacks various greenhouse 

 plants, including violets, and also celery, beets, cabbage, and tobacico. It feeds 

 upon the underside of the leaves. The species is described in all its stages and notes 

 are given on the nomenclature, distribution, literature, and food plants of the insect. 

 The species hibernates in the larval state, but in warm greenhouses there is no true 

 hibernating period. Hand picking, attracting the moths to light, the use of arsenical 

 sj^vays, and fumigation with tobacco and hydrocyanic- acid gas, are recommended. 

 The chief reliance should be placed on fumigation by the latter method. Detailed 

 directions are given for the application of this remedy. 



Violet scanfly {Emphytus canadensis) (pp. 26-35) is described and illustrated in all 

 its stages. The larvpe feed on the lower side of the leaf by cutting holes on the sur- 

 face. Eggs are laid in the substance of the leaf. Parthenogenesis is sometimes 

 observed in this species. The treatment which is recommended is the same as for 

 the greenhouse leaf tier. 



Tav-spolted red spider {Telranychus bimacidatus) (pp. 35—42) is described and notes 

 are given on its distribution, food plants, and literature relating to the species. As 

 a remedy for this mite it is recommended that plants be si^rayecl with sulphur jnixed 

 with water at the rate of 1 oz. to the gallon, or with kerosene emulsion, whale-oil 

 soap, or similar soap solutions. With violets good results have been obtained by 

 repeated spraying with water or with a solution of a neutral soap in water. Violets 

 should be sprayed in this manner about 3 times a week. 



Black apliis {Rhopalosiphum violx) (pp. 42-47) is described and illustrated. Notes 

 are given on the injury caused by this species and on the literature relating to this 

 species. Fumigation with hydrocyanic-acid gas or spraying with a solution of neutral 

 soap and water is reported as an efficient remedy against this species. 



Violet gall fly {Diplosis vlolicola) (pp. 47-50) folds violet leaves in such a way as to 

 bring the upper surfaces together, forming a so-called gall. The species is described 

 and brief notes are given on the extent of its injuries. Fumigation with hydro- 

 cyanic-acid gas and the use of buhach is recommended. 



Descriptive, biological, and economic notes are i)resented on a number uf sjx'cies of 

 cutworms and owlet moths (pp. 50-74). The species which are considered include 

 I'eridroina sancia, Noctua c-nigrum, Prudenia. commeliniv, P. ornithogaUi, P. eadiopta, 

 and the fall army worm. It is recommended that soil for greenhouses should not be 

 taken from areas which have been recently covered with grass or weeds, since cut- 

 worms may be contained in such soil. Cutworms are destroyed to some extent liy 

 fumigation for other insects, but the best remedy is the use of green bait, such as 

 clover or other plants, poisoned with Paris green, or a Iwt known as bran arsenic 

 mash. 



