272 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



linseed cake but no hay. In 105 days of the test the average gain in lot 1 was 22.1 

 lbs., in the other lots the gains ranged from 34.8 lbs. with lot 4 to 39.0 lbs. with lot 5. 

 The general deductions were summarized as follows: 



"It pays to give sheep some by-fodder along with turnips and hay, but with good 

 feeding turnips the profit is not great. 



"The giving of a by-fodder shortens the time of fattening and increases the weight 

 of the mutton (in this instance by 5 lbs. or so), but this additional weight is probably 

 got at the sacrifice of flavor. 



"Sheep fatten sooner upon turnips and linseed-cake than they do when hay is 

 given in addition, and it does not seem that the addition of hay is attended with 

 profit. In this instance it caused a loss of 82 cts. per head at least. 



"A mixture of undecorticated cotton-cake and maize is better than the cake alone, 

 and it is probable that a mixture of feeding-stuffs or a change of feeding-stuff as fat- 

 tening proceeds is preferable to strict adherence to any one kind of by-fodder. 



"Dried distillery grains has produced the best quality of mutton, but the advantage 

 it possesses over other kinds of by-fodder is not so apparent in this as on former 

 occasions. This is probably due to the inferior quality of the grains used." 



Sheep, J. H. Grlsdale and R. Robertson ( Canada Expi. Far7ns Upts. 1900, pp. 

 81, 82, 310). — Statements are made concerning the flocks at the Central Experimental 

 Farm and the Nappan Experimental Farm; and the care and management of breed- 

 ing ewes is discussed. 



Experiments in pork production, L. Foster and L. A. Merrill ( Utali Sta. Bui. 

 70, x>p. 343-414, figs. 7). — Tests covering several years are reported on summer feed- 

 ing and winter feeding. In the former the value of mixed pasturage, alfalfa pastur- 

 age, and the effects of exercise were the principal questions studied. The tests on 

 winter feeding were made with special reference to the value of roots and alfalfa hay. 

 The comparative value of spayed vs. unspayed sows and of sows vs. barrows was 

 studied, and on the basis of the investigations as a whole a number of general ques- 

 tions are discussed, including the effects of feeding balanced rations, wet, dry, and 

 soaked grain, the comparative value of different grains, grain vs. grain and skim 

 milk, and whole milk and grain. 



Summer feeding (pp. 348-384). — The feeding experiments conducted in the summer 

 extended from 1897 to 1899, and were made with a total of 31 lots. Some of the 

 lots were pastured (generally on mixed grasses and clover); some were fed in pens 

 and others in yards. The rations fed consisted of skim milk or whey, grain and 

 alfalfa, alone or in combination. The lots fed in pens and yards had less exercise 

 than those fed in pasture, and this point is discussed in connection with the tests. 

 Special tests M'ere also made of the comparative value of mixed pasturage (grasses 

 and clover) and alfalfa pasturage, and of feeding grain after pasturage. 



Winter feeding (pp. 385-408). — The winter-feeding tests began in 1894 and continued 

 until 1899, some 34 lots being included. Some of the earlier ones were conducted by 

 A. A. Mills. In part of the tests a number of the pigs were fed in pens; others in 

 yards. Wet and dry rations were studied as well as the comparative value of sugar 

 beets and alfalfa, supplemented by grain. Generally speaking, the rations consisted 

 of skim milk, whey, and mixed grasses in different proportions, alone or with alfalfa 

 or beets. The principal deductions drawn from the summer and winter feeding tests 

 follow: 



"In pork production economic use may be made of pasture in connection with a 

 full-grain ration. This is shown not only by the average results of all the experi- 

 ments conducted, but also by every point of comparison in each separate test. The 

 average shows the gains of the pasture sets to be 33 per cent the higher and to have 

 been made on 10 per cent less grain. 



"The average results of four seasons' experiments show quite conclusively that 

 mixed pasture is not beneficial to pigs having a full supply of grain and skim milk. 



