NOTES. 299 



In 3Iichigan orchards L. R. Taft placed spraying as the first requisite of successful 

 apple growing, manuring second, and cultivation third. Tobacco dust was recom- 

 mended for the root aphis. The experience of L. C. Corbett in West Virginia was 

 also in favor of this treatment for the root aphis. 



Quality and market was the subject of a paper by Charles W. Garfield. It was 

 pointed out that the aim of the grower should be to place on the market fruit of 

 superior quality in the ):)est condition. F. A. Waugh made a distinction between 

 table quality and market quality, stating that for wholesale purposes quantities of 

 fruit of uniform grade were demanded, while table quality was of minor importance; 

 but for the private demand small quantities of fruit having table quality is required. 

 Improvement in the qtiality of shipping apples would be had with improved methods 

 of marketing. 



L. H. Bailey contrasted the pomology of the Atlantic States with that of Califor- 

 nia. Commercialism in fruit growing increases as we recede westward from the 

 Atlantic coast. The wholesale cultivation of a few varieties for the general market 

 takes the place of the special varieties for special markets. The chances for success 

 in fruit growing are as great in the East as in California. California fruit is increas- 

 ing in quantity in th(! East but it will never compete with the special grower in the 

 special markets of the East. Elements of success in fruit growing are (1) faith in 

 the region where you are, (2) tillage, and (3) cooperation in large areas devoted to 

 one particular kind of fruit. 



The development and needs of the export fruit trade were discussed by L. A. 

 Woolverton, of Ontario, G. T. Powell and Charles Foster, of New York, and H. E. 

 Dosch, of Oregon. It was shown that strict grading and honest picking are essen- 

 tial, better shipping accommodations are needed, and better methods of refrigeration. 



Other papers read and discussed at the meeting were as follows: Some experiments 

 in orchard treatment, F. M. Webster; Fermentation of fruit juices by control methods, 

 W. B. Alwood; Orchards of the Apple-Pie Ridge and river- front regions of West Vir' 

 ginia, L. C. Corbett; Horticultural conditions in Minnesota, S. B. Green; and tTniver- 

 sity extension work in agriculture at Cornell, J. Craig. 



The society decided to be represented by delegates to the New York Hybridization 

 and Plant Breeding Conference in 1902. 



The National Beekeepers Association met in joint session with the society at one 

 of its evening sessions. Papers were read at this meeting as follows: Bees as fertil- 

 izers of flowers, J. Fletcher; Relation of bees to the orchard, M. B. Waite; Spraying 

 fruit trees in bloom, S. A. Beach; and The pomologist and the beekeeper, H. W. 

 Collingwood. 



On the whole the meeting was generally consideri^d one of the best ever held; the 

 programme was crowded, and each session well attended. 



^Miscellaneous. — Journal d' Agriculture Tropicale is the title of a new monthly 

 journal published at Paris under the editorship of J. Vilbouchevitch. The first 

 number was issued July 31 of this year. The journal is to be devoted to the agricul- 

 ture of all of the troi)ical countries where "the French language is employed in 

 preference to the German, p]nglish, or Dutch languages," including the French and 

 Portuguese colonies, Belgian Kongo, Mexico, Brazil, and other Central and South 

 .\merican countries, Cuba, Porto Rico, Egypt, and the island of Mauritius. The 

 first number contains articles on sisal hemp and machines for preparing the fil)er 

 from it; the culture of peanuts; good and badCastilloa; the dwarf nmlberry of Tonkin 

 and its value for the production of silkworms; coffee culture in the Transvaal, and 

 bananas; and notes on new books, statistics of sisal hemp and caoutchouc, besides 

 minor articles. 



An agricultural-physiological experiment .station has been establit<hed in conm-ction 

 with the Technical High School at Prague. The station will have a i)hysiological, a 



