METEOROLOGY CLIMATOLOGY. 327 



Expt. Farm Rpt. 1900, p. 7). — Tables give monthly and annual summaries of ol)ser- 

 vations on temperature, rainfall, and snowfall for 1900, and maximum and mininiuiu 

 temperatures for 1899 and 1900. 



Metecrolog'ical chart of the Great Lakes, A. J. Henry and N. B. Conger 

 ( r. S. Dept. Agr., Weather Bnredti, Meieomlixjieol Chart of the Great Lakes, 1901, No. 1, 

 pp. 28, Jig.'f. 2, charta 4)- — This is a summary of data relating to summer storms; ice 

 during winter of 1900 and 1901; opening of general navigation, season of 1901; fog 

 from April 16 to May 15, 1901; wrecks and casualties from April 16 to May 31, 1901; 

 precipitation and water levels on the Great Lakes; Weather Bureau othce at Sault 

 Ste. Marie; fog distrilnition on the Great Lakes. 



Meteorological reports for East Africa, 1900 (Shamha [Zanzibar], 1901, No. 

 23, jjp. 3, 4)- — Tallies give (1) monthly and annual summaries of rainfall at 11 places 

 during 1899; (2) maximum and minimum temperatures at 6 places during 1900; (3) 

 summaries for January, February, and ^Nlarch, 1901, of oliservations at Zanzil)ar and 

 Vunga on atmospheric pressure, humidity, temperature, rainfall, and wind move- 

 ment; and (4) monthly and annual sunnnaries of rainfall at Zanzibar during 19 

 years, 1874-1901. 



Meteorological observations at Manila {Bui. 3/e».s. Ohs. yianila, 35 {1899), 

 Apr., May, and June, j)p. 57-110, charts 3). 



Climatology of the Philippine Islands ( Climatologla de Filipinas. Washington: 

 Government Printing Office, 1900, pp. 265, pis. 64, figs. 2). — An excerpt from a large 

 treatise on the Philippine Archipelago published in the English and Spanish 

 languages. 



Rainfall and the temperature of the soil, A. Tolsky {Zhur. Opjuitn. Agron., 1 

 {1900), pt. 3, pp. 266, 267). — In a study of tlie relations between the amounts of rain- 

 fall and the temperatures of the soil at the Institute of Forestry at St. Petersburg in 

 the years 1893-1897, the author found, in accordance with other observers, that the 

 influence of rains on the distribution of heat in the soil is indirect, the precipitation 

 increasing the humidity of the soil and thus improving its heat conductivity. Hence 

 it frequently happens that the mean and maximum temperatures of the soil increase, 

 especially when the latter is covered with grass. — p. fireman. 



The chief meteorological factors of fertility according to observations on 

 the "Alexeevskiye" estate of P. I. Levitzki, Government Tula, A. Levitzki 

 {Zhur. Opuitn. Agron., 1 {1900), pt. 2, pp. 147-171).— On the basis of 14 years' obser- 

 vations the author finds that the size of the crops of winter rye, potatoes, and oats, 

 depends with great certainty and regularity upon the rainfall in certain months. — 



p. FIREMAN. 



Origin of atmospheric hydrogen, A. Gautier {Bui. Sac. Chim. Paris, 3. ser., 25 

 {1901), No. 5, pp. 231-235).— Inxestigations are reported which lead to the conclu- 

 sion that the hydrogen of the air is of volcanic origin, being produced by the action 

 of igneous rocks on aqueous vapor. 



Combustible gases of the atmosphere — atmospheric hydrogen, A. Gautier 

 {A7in. Chim. et Phys., 7. ser., 22 {1901), Jan., p]>. 5-110).— X detailed account of the 

 author's investigations on this subject dealing with methods used; comparative 

 studies of the air of towns, of the country, of the sea, and of the upper atmosphere; 

 nature of the combustible gases of the air of towns, woods, etc. ; origin of these gases, 

 especially the hydrogen (see above). The author concludes from the long series of 

 investigations of air freed from suspended matter, here reported, that there exists 

 normally in pure air about 20 parts of free hydrogen to 100,000 parts of air, as well 

 as a certain amount of hydrocarbons due to exhalations from the soil, from plants, 

 fermentations, manufactories, etc. They, however, appear to diminish as the air 

 becomes purer. They are found in comparatively large quantities in the air of towns, 

 to a less extent in that of the country, in very small amounts in the air of rocky 



