HORTICULTURE. 355 



on the outside of tho row. This system gives few large first-elass fruits. The up-to- 

 date grower starts with the assunintion that the largest and highest colored fruits are 

 found on jilants along the outside of the rows, and therefore he plans to have as many 

 outside rows as possible. This he accomplishes by having his rows closer together 

 and nuich narrower. The rows are made from 30 to 36 in. apai-t and the i)lanta from 

 18 to 24 or even 30 in. apart in the rows, much depending on the capability of the 

 variety as a plant maker. If the plants used for a new bed are strong and start into 

 growth vigorously the first runners are used, as it has been found that under most 

 conditions the plants about 12 months old yield the greatest number of fine fruits. 

 These first runners are usually 'bedded in,' i. e., planted by hand, training them 

 along the wide way of the rows, using from 4 to 8 of the first runners and cutting off 

 those growing later. This method of planting allows cultivation both ways until the 

 runners start, retaining moisture and saving labor in hoeing." 



The cost of growing strawberries in Oswego is estimated at S77 per acre. The ])ulk 

 of the crop is shipped to New York, Boston, and Philadelphia. In 1898 about 52,263 

 crates were shipped and in 1900 40,284 crates. The total crop in the Oswego district 

 in 1900 wa^ nearly 2,000,000 qts. 



Practical guide to viticulture, J. Pech (Guide prati/jue dn viticuUeur. Montpel- 

 lier: Cmdit d- Sons, 1901). — This is a viticultural calendar dealing with the different 

 kinds of work which occur each month of the year in the vineyard and cellar. It 

 is essentially a practical manual for this work. 



Grapes, C. W. Mathews {Kentackii Sta. Bui. 92, pp. 71-97, ficju. 7). — Detailed popu- 

 lar directions for the planting, pruning, training, cultivation, and fertilizing of grapes, 

 with notes on the insects and diseases affecting them. Eighty-seven varieties of 

 grapes are being grown in the station vineyard. These are briefly described and 

 their suitableness for Kentucky planting is pointed out. Of the black varieties, 

 Moore Early, "Worden, and Concord are considered best; of red varieties, Delaware, 

 Wyoming, Brighton, and Catawba; and of white varieties, ]\Iartha and Niagara. A 

 supplementary list of very promising recent introductions is as follows: Black — 

 Aminia, Herbert, Campbell, Carman, Standard, Ozark; Red — Alice, Brilliant, Jeffer- 

 son, Lindley, Mrs. ^lunson; White — Gold Coin, Eclipse, Geneva, Colerain, Duchess, 

 Noah. 



On the influence of early and late pruning on the productiveness of vine- 

 yards, C. Mayer [Agr. Jour. Cape Good Hope, IS {1901), Xo. 6, pp. 367, 368).— The 

 brief data here given show that vines pruned in the spring were somewhat more 

 productive than when fall pruned, while the leaves were still on. 



The economical manuring of vines, H. Lagati" {Prog. Agr. et Vii. {Ed. L'Est), 

 22 {1901), Xos. 1, pp. 10-16; 2, jyp. 41-47; 3, pp. 72-78; 4, pp. 115-118; 5, pp. 134- 

 138; 6, pp. 170-175; 7, pp. 206-212; 9, pp. 265-269; 10, pp. 298-304; 11, pp. 328- 

 335; 13, pp. 388-395; 14, pp. 435-441; 15, pp. 472-477; 17, pp. 525-530; IS, pp. 546- 

 650; 19, pp. 573-579). — A comprehensive article on the nature of all the more usual 

 fertilizers, and the manner of compounding and using them in vineyards on differ- 

 ent soils, especially those of different lime content, and in years of different rainfall. 



Grafting walnuts and hickories {Amer. Gard., 22 {1901), No. 331, pp. 307, 308, 

 Jig. 1). — The work of the U. S. Department of Agriculture in grafting walnuts and 

 hickories is briefly described. The success in grafting these nuts has been greatly 

 insured by the use of an incubator box. The scions are securely tied to the stocks 

 with a waxed cord, and are either wrapped in bundles with moss around them or 

 packed in layers in a box with clean sphagnum and kept at a temperature ranging 

 from 75 to 80° F. At the end of about three weeks callusing has progressed suffi- 

 ciently so that the grafts may be removed. After their removal the stocks with 

 shortened tap roots are potted, w'here possible, in 6-in. pots to encourage the produc- 

 tion of roots. When a few leaves have been formed, the potted plants are gradually 



