370 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



small nursery trees or on the limbs of large trees at intervals of 1 to 2 in. served to 

 •confine the scales within these boundaries. Another means of accomplishing this 

 was found in the use of metal rings, or curtain rings, set in the bark and covered with 

 microscopic cover glasses held in ])lace with paraffin. 



San Jose scale investig-ations, II, V. H. Lowe {New York State Sta. Bui. 194, 

 pp. 869-384). — The experiments reported in this bulletin were undertaken for the 

 purpose of determining the effects of winter applications of kerosene on nursery trees 

 and bearing trees, the percentage of oil necessary to kill scales in winter, and the 

 •effect of summer applications on healthy trees. Two series of exijerimehts were 

 made on nursery trees, the first lot of trees being sprayed once on November 22 and 

 the second lot twice on November 22 and March 27. The trees were apple, pear, 

 peach, plum, and cjuince, 144 in all. The peach and plum trees were found to be 

 quite sensitive, peaches being killed with a 20 per cent mixture, and plums seriously 

 injured with a 40 per cent mixture. Pears and a^^ples were not injured with 1 appli- 

 cation of the 40 per cent mixture, and the apples were not affected by 2 applications 

 of this strength, although pears were slightly affected. Similar experiments were 

 made on bearing trees, with the result that no injury was noted on pears, except 

 where pure kerosene was used. Plums were not injured by 1 application of the 40 

 per cent mixture, but were badly affected by the pure kerosene. In experiments to 

 determine the percentage of oil necessary to kill the San Jose scale it was found that 

 the scales were not destroyed by the 20 per cent mixture of kerosene, but were killed 

 in all cases wdiere the 40 per cent mixture was used. In testing the effect of summer 

 applications of kerosene, 2 grades of oil were used, 100° and 150°. The 100° oil 

 injured the foliage of apple and pear trees in all cases, even when used in the 15 per 

 cent mixture, when applied during May and June. The 150° oil, on the other hand, 

 did not injure the trees except when used pure. It is concluded that kerosene may 

 I)e used in winter on apple and pear trees in a 40 per cent mixture or at a sufficient 

 strength to kill the scales without injuring the trees, but its use is impracticable on 

 peach trees and is somewhat injurious to plums. 



Brief notes are given on the method of fumigation by hydrocyanic-acid gas, and 

 spraying with crude petroleum, and whale-oil soap. 



Controlling San Jose scale, F. H. Hall, V. H. Lowe, and P. J. Parrott [New 

 York State Sta. Bids. 193 and 194, popular ed., pp. 11, pis. 2). — This is a popular sum- 

 mary of Bulletins 193 and 194 of the station (see above) . 



Observations on Coccidae, R. Newstead {Ent. Mo. Mag., 2. ser., 12 {1901), No. 

 136, pp. 81-86, figs. 5). — The author gives descriptive and biological notes on the 

 species of Aspidiotus, Lichtensia, Diaspis, Fiorinia, Antonina, and Dactylopius. 



Classifi-cation of Parlatoria, G. Leonardi {Rir. Patol. Veg., 8 {1.900), No. 7-12, 

 pp. 203-209). — Brief notes on the anatomy of this genus of scale insects, together 

 with an analytical talile for the determination of species. 



The injurious scale insects and mealy bugs of the British Isles, R. Newstead 

 {Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc. {London:], 28 {1900), No. 3, pp. 219-262, fig.^. 22).— The author 

 gives a general account of the life history, habits, and methods of combating a large 

 number of scale insects injurious to fruit, shade trees, and other jslants. A chapter 

 is devoted to remedies and methods of prevention, in which, besides a general dis- 

 cussion of the subject, special recommendations are given concerning the value and 

 methods of making kerosene emulsion, fir-tree oil, soft-soap solution, lime wash, 

 caustic-soda wash, clay and sulphur, etc. 



Woolly aphis and mistletoe, F. Pexeveyre ( Chron. Agr. Canton Vaud, 14 {1901), 

 No. 5, pp. 147-1 'yO). — The remedies which are recommended against the woolly aphis 

 include the following formulas: Soap, 1 kg.; petroleum, 900 gm.; amyl alcohol, 500 

 gm.; water, 3 liters. Soap, 150 gm. ; water, 1 liter; iwtroleum, 1,800 gm. ; pure 

 petroleum. 



The damage caused by Porthesia chrysorrhcea, L. J. Lambilliox {Btd. Agr. 



