CHEMISTRY. 419 



the cold aqueous diffusion is einploj'ed. The sample is reduced to very fine pulp, 

 placed in a tared capsule, weighed, and the amount of water as ascertained from the 

 table is added. As the solution must l)e clarified as well as made uji to a definite 

 volume, there is previously added to the water 3 per cent of a solution of lead sub- 

 acetate of 54.3° Brix, or specific gravity, 1.257. If acetic acid is used it may also be 

 added to the water. The capsule containing the pulp properly diluted is covered 

 with a disk of wood or glass inclosed in a sheet of rubber to make it fit closely, and 

 vigorously shaken. The mixture is then poured on a dry filter and the operation 

 carried out as usual. 



This method was employed with 60 samples. The water factor assumed in pre- 

 paring the table was 82 per cent. Only 5 samples showed a variation from results 

 obtained by the hot aqueous diffusion above what might be expected in the analyses 

 of duplicate samples by the same method. These 5 samples, which were too low by 

 0.2 per cent or more, were all of very low grade beets, in which there was an unusual 

 amount of water. 



For rapid work an automatic self-registering balance should be used. The cap- 

 sules should be of the same weight, aluminum being a very desirable metal to be 

 employed in their construction. The burette should be constructed so that it will 

 fill automatically. 



As the indirect method of analysis is now generally used in factories this proposed 

 method was tried in that way, using the factor 85 for making the calculation. As 

 compared with two other methods the proposed method was found to be applicable 

 in indirect analysis. The advantages of the proposed method are that no specially 

 constructed apparatus is necessary and it is susceptiVjle of great speed of maniijulation. 



An improved method for the rapid estimation of sugar in beets, R. S. Hilt- 

 NER and R. W. Thatcher {Jour. Amer. Chem. Soc, 23 {1901), No. 5, pp. 299-318). — 

 This is noted above from another sourt'e. 



Determination of purity of beet juice by Krause's method, F. Ehrlich 

 {Ztschr. Ver. Deut. Zuckerind., 1901, pp. 3-16; ahs. in Jour. Soc. Chem. Ind., 20 {1901), 

 No. 3, p. 268). — The author made a number of experiments to determine the influ- 

 ence of various factors, as temperature, time of digestion, fineness of pulp, etc., on 

 the purity of beet juice, as given b)^ Krause's method. It was found that the tem- 

 perature of digestion has an important influence on the quotient of purity. With 

 increase of temperature, the density of the juice oVjtained increases, the polarization 

 remains constant, while the quotient of purity diminishes. The fineness of the pulp 

 has no effect on the result. As the time of digestion of the pulp increases, the 

 amount of dry substance increases, the quotient consequently diminishing. The 

 quotients o))tained by Krause's method are in general 5 to 7 units lower than those 

 of the old method. Some modification of Krause's method to facilitate working and 

 obviate the de-aerati(jn is desiraljle. 



Methods of analysis, Graptiau {Bid. Agr. [Brimels], 17 {1901), No. 2, pp. 178- 

 182). — In comparisons of the Kjeldahl and Gunning methods it was found that diges- 

 tion was complete by the former 30 minutes after the disappearance of the reddish 

 coloration; by the latter the total time required for digestion was reduced to 35 min- 

 utes. From a test of various forms of distilling ai)j)aratus it is concluded that such 

 apparatus should be provided with a rectifier, a straight tube of sufficient size and 

 length being very satisfactory for this jjurpc^se. Soda was found to be easily carried 

 over in distilling, sulphuric acid less so, and phosphoric acid least of all. 



The estimation of glycogen in fl^esh, G. Breustedt {Arch. Phann., 237 {1899), 

 p. 637; ahs. in Ztschr. AMdyt. (Jhan., 40 {1901), No. 3, pp. 175-177). 



The composition of the ether extract from a number of fodders, 

 N. TuLAiKov {Izr. Moskow Selsk. Khoz. Inst. [Ann. Inst. Agron. Moscow], 6 {1900), No. 4, 

 pp. 429-439). — This article is a contribution to the study of the ether extract of 



