FERTILIZERS. 437 



are plowi'd undor no loss of nitrogen in the gaseous state occurs owing to the absence 

 of (kMiitrifviiig bacteria, differing in this respect from the conditions noted when 

 straw is piowi'd under; (2) enriching tlie soil in liunuis by green manures exerts a 

 beneficial effect on the physical properties of light soils, increasing their capacity for 

 moisture and imjjroving the structure in a larger measure than barn manure, since 

 the root residues on rotting are better adapted to that purpose, and (3) a disadvantage 

 of green manuring is its drying effect on the soil. — p. fireman. 



Contribution to the knowledge of green manuring on heavy soils, F. Han- 

 Astu (/tsrJir. LiDithr. Vcrxnc}).-<w. Ocslerr., 4 {I!>01),X<i.7,pi>.77J-77S). — ICxperiments 

 with mustard, horse beans, vetches, and several kinds of peas and clovers are reported. 

 The best results were obtained witli white mustard followed by vetches, the poorest 

 with field ]>eas. 



Clover and phosphorites, I'. Budrine {Afis. in ZItiif. Ojiuidt. .{(jron., 1 {1900), No. 

 3, pp. '293-29')). — The author reports the results of exi)eriments with i)hosphatic and 

 other fertilizers carried out on the experiment fields of the Novo- Alexandria Agri- 

 cultural Institute. The results show among other things that the crops of clover 

 may be considerably increased by the aid of phosphorites. — v. fireman. 



Experiments on the relative value of nitrate of soda and sulphate of 

 ammonia, P. Wagner {Mill. Deut. Lamhr. GeselL, 16 {1901), ^Vo.s. 10, pp. .55, 56; 11, 

 pp. 57-60). — The results of these experiments show no difference in effectiveness of 

 thf fertilizers, whether the entire quantity was applied February 25, or only half the 

 quantity ai)plied that date and the rest on April 27. Seventy-three per cent of the 

 nitrogen applied in nitrate of soda and 67 per cent of the sulphate of ammonia was 

 regained in the grain and straw of barley. The total yield obtained with sulphate 

 of ammonia was about 90 per cent of the total yield with nitrate of soda. The report 

 discusses at some length, the relation of the kind of crop, the time of applying ferti- 

 lizers, weather conditions, physical condition of the soil, and the presence of calcium 

 carbonate in the soil to the effit'iency of these fertilizers. 



Fertilizer experiments vrith sulphate of ammonia and nitrate of soda, 

 Bonsmann {Deut. Landir. /V.s.st', 18 {1901), No. 52, pp. 463, 464)- — A critical discus- 

 sion of the methods which have been used by various investigators in determining 

 the relative value of these fertilizing materials. 



Experiments with chemical fertilizers on garden soils, E. Francais {Bui. 

 Ayr. [Bnmeh'], 17 {1901), No. 2, pp. 222-234)- — Comparative plat tests of chemical 

 fertilizers and barnyard manure during 3 years on a variety of plants are reported. 

 The results were to a large extent inconclusive, due probably to the originally fertile 

 character of the soil experimented with. However, it seemed that manure was much 

 more effective on legumes than on other common crops. This is attributed to the 

 cond)ined chemical, i)hysica], and biological properties which the manure possesses 

 in greater degree than chemical fertilizers. 



The use of commercial fertilizers in winter, ( ieklacii ( /V»/. Lawdw. Prrsse, 28 

 {1901), No. 61, pi>. 5.10, 531). 



On the fertilizing value of flue ashes, J. KoNia(/A'»y. Jjtiidw. Presse, 28 {1901), 

 No. 69, J). 592). — Analyses are rejjorted which show that such ashes contain from 8.65 

 to 10.33 i)er cent of potash, 6.1 to 7.8 per cent of lime, and small amounts of phos- 

 phoric acid. The lime and potash are partly in the form of sulphate and jiartly sili- 

 cate. The composition of this product is very variable and depends upon a number 

 f)f conditions, l)ut mainly upon the composition of the coal used in the furnaces. 



The fertilizing value of stable manure w^hen tobacco w^aste has been used 

 for bedding, N. Passerini {Atli. R. Accud. Econ. .i</r. (icof(j. Flrenze, 4- ser., 23 

 {19(1(1), )>/>. 327-330). — The tobacco waste referred to consisted mainly of midribs of 

 the leaves. 



The utilization of residues from wine making and of spoiled wine as fer- 

 tilizers, F. Garrk;ou {Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Farts, 133 {1901), No. 4, PP- 252-254; 



