472 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



Insects injurious to fruit, A. PI. Snyder {A</)\ Htadad, 7 ( 1901), No. :>, pp. 171- 

 175). — Brief iioten are jfiveii on tlie codling moth, apple-tree borers, tent caterpillars, 

 pluiu cnrculid, rose chafer, currant worms, cankervvorms. May ])eetles, etc. 



Insect enemies of the stone fruits, L. Bkuner and W. I). Hunter {Rpt. Nebraska 

 Hort. Soc, SI {1900), pp. .51-116, figs. 71). — A list is given of all the insects which 

 have been reported as injuring stone fruits in the United States. Economic and bio- 

 logical notes are presented on the more important of these insects, including the 

 peach-tree borer, apple-twig l)orer, bark beetles, plant lice, oyster-shell bark louse, 

 scurfy bark louse, San Jose scale, leaf crumpler, cankerworms, May beetles, rose 

 chafer, grasshoppers, plum currnlio, and plum gouger. 



San Jose scale, with a few suggestions for its treatment, and rules and 

 regulations adopted by State board of entomology, M. L. Donaldson et al. 

 (Soiilh (_'(iri>lina Sl<i. Btil. il'>, pp. 12). — Brief notes are given by way of description of 

 the San Jose scale, and an account of its present distri))ution in South Carolina. The 

 authors present a summary statement of remedies which may be reconmiended for 

 summer arid winter treatment against this insect. The text is given of an act of the 

 South Carolina legislature creating a State board of entomology, defining its powers, 

 and providing for the inspection of fruit trees, vineyards, and vegetable farms in the 

 State. A copy is also given of the rules and regulations adoi>ted by the State l)oard 

 as created by this act. 



The cottony cushion scale (Icerya purchasi), H. A. (Iossard (Florida S(a. 

 Bid. o6, ]>p. S09-oo6, jil. 1, fi'/K. 6"). — A historical account is given of this scale in Aus- 

 tralia and other foreign countries, as well as in California and Florida. It is stated 

 that the insect was introduced from California into Florida in 1893, near Clearwater, 

 and that it has subsequently become distributed more widely in the immediate 

 neighborhood of the first point of infestation. The insect was sent from California 

 in the same packet with specimens of Nurius cardinalis, so that this important enemy 

 of the scale is also present in Florida to hold it in check. The town council of Clear- 

 water, and later the board of connnissioners of Hillsboro County, appropriated 

 .money for the extermination of this pest, and the efforts in this direction were partly 

 successful. During the summer of 1899 the scales decreased in number, but they 

 increased again in 1900, reaching a maximum alxjut July 1. At this time all the 

 orange groves in Clearwater seemed to be infeste<l. Then the pest began t(j decrease 

 rapidly in numbers on account of the attacks of its natural enemies, especially the 

 Australian ladybird. Since this time the insect has been held in check to a large 

 degree by the ladybirds. An extensive list of food plants of the cottony cushion 

 scale is given, and descriptions are presented of the insect in all its stages. The 

 larv» are most active during the hotter parts of the day and remain almost stationary 

 at night. Badly infested leaves have a black or smutty appearance on account of 

 the growth of a t^lack nTold in the honeydew which is excreted by the scales. The 

 natural methods of dissemination of this insect are discussed and a detailed account 

 is given of the appearance and habits of the Australian ladyl)ird and of its introduc- 

 tion into Florida. A numl^er of scales were destroyed V)y a fungus disease which 

 proved very effective on some trees. The nature of the fungus has not been deter- 

 mined. Experiments show that the scale may be effectively held in check by per- 

 sistent application of resin wash or kerosene preparations. Fumigation with 

 hydrocyanic-acid gas is considered very efficient but rather expensive. 



Report of the gypsy moth commission, A. Prattetal. {Massarhusctts , Stale Bd. 

 Agr. Rpt. 1900, jtp. 355-S70). — A l)rief report is made, containing a summary of the 

 observations of F. C. Moulton on the condition of the infested territory during 1900. 

 Since the lapse of the regular appropriation for carrying on the w<jrk of fighting the 

 gpysy moth it is reported that the insect has increased somewhat in numbers in 

 nearly all infested localities. Attention is called to the xiiscovery of the value of 

 arsenate of lead as an insecticide and to the improvement in spraying machinery 

 which were incidental to the work in exterminating the gypsy moth. 



