SEEDS WEEDS. 563 



The black pine, J. Huberty {Bui. Soc. Cent. Ford. Bclg., S {1901), No. 1, pp. 1- 

 18, pis. 2). — A description is given of the blijck pine, which it is claimed is a variety 

 of PmuH Inricio, indigenous to the Styrian Alps. The tree has been successfully 

 introduced into sylvicultural operations, being especially adapted to calcareous soils. 

 Notes are given of a number of artificial plantations of this pine near Rochefort, in 

 which the annual increment and general condition of the trees are described. It is 

 especially recommended for planting with Scotch pine as a mixture. 



The relation between sap and heart wood of the oak {Bui. Soc. Cent. Forst. 

 Belg., 8 {1901), No. 1, pp. 30-40). — The anatomical characteristics of heart and sap 

 wood are described and their chief differences pointed out. The heart wood is rec- 

 ognized by the resorption of starch, ligneous cells, presence of tannin in these cells 

 and their walls, and the formation of thyllte in the larger cells. The occurrence of 

 starch and tannin in the wood and their effect upon insect borers are discussed. In 

 the oak there seem to be periods of maximum and minimum storing of starch, and in 

 order to prevent attacks of fungi and insects upon the timber the trees should be cut 

 when the starch content is at its lowest. In the case of spruce, fir, linden, etc. , no 

 starch is present during the winter, and trees should be cut at this time. With 

 many other species starch disappears in late summer or autumn, while with others 

 there seems to be a relation between the time of the formation of growth rings and 

 deposition of starch. 



The teak industry of Siam, H. King {IT. S. Comnlar Rpts., 1901, No. 1041, 

 pp. 1-6). — Descriptions are given of the teak forests of Siam, that country furnishing 

 about one-fourth of the world's supply of this timber. The annual shipments of 

 teak from the o ports are given. 



The fixation of sand dunes, J. Demorlaine {Fivuiion des dunes. Parts: Assoc. 

 Francais Avanc. Sd., 1900, pp. 14; noted in Rev. Eaux et Forets, 40 {1901), No. 13, pp. 

 408, 409). — Gives a review of sand dune fixation and reclamation, and on account of 

 their adaptability and the demand for their timber and other ])roducts, recommends 

 plantings of pedunculate oak and of Pinus marUima. 



SEEDS— WEEDS. 



The force exerted by swelling seeds, D. T. MacDougal {Jour. Neiv York Bot. 

 Gard., 2 {1901)', No. 15, pp. 39-42, fig. 1). — The author describes a series of experi- 

 ments with peas in which an attempt was made to measure the force exerted by 

 their swelling. The seeds were inclosed in an iron cylinder to which was attached 

 a form of manometer, which is described. At the expiration of 30 hours the air 

 pressure indicated a pressure of 120 lbs. to the square inch. This was maintained 

 for 2 days, when it began to decrease slowly. At the end of a week it had fallen to 

 18 lbs. per scpiare inch. 



Seed studies, W. von Petery {Bol. Agr. y Ganaderia, 1 {1901), No. 16, pp. 1-50, 

 pis. 5) . — A general report is given on the objects, methods, and standards of seed 

 testings with special reference to Argentine conditions; together with the results of 

 investigations conducted at the seed-testing station, organized under the direction of 

 the minister of agriculture. Illustrated descriptions are given of the i)rincipal grass 

 and forage plant seeds and the foreign seeds commonly associated with them. 



Report of seed testing-, G. Valder {Agr. Gaz. New South. W<ile.'<, 12 {1901), No. 

 8, j}]>. 951), 957). — A taliular report is given of the germination tests made at the 

 Hawkesbury Agricultural College of al)out 100 varieties of seed, and the germinations 

 are compared with tlie germination standards which have been adopted. 



A cooperative investigation into the agricultural seed supply of Pennsyl- 

 vania, (t. C. Bctz {Pcmii^i/lmuia Jk'pl. Agr. Bui. 7G, ])p. 50, fig. 1). — This bulletin 

 gives the results of cooperative investigations conducted by the Pennsylvania Station 



