DAIRY FARMING DAIRYING. 585 



feeding usually affeeted the uiilk (low only in the first few months of laetation, luit 

 from the fourth month on there seemed to be a greater tendency to affect the live 

 weight than to alter the milk flow. Fhianeial oitfrotiic. — In these trials an increase 

 of grain from 4 ll)s. to 8 or 12 lbs. seldom yielded enough more butter to pay the 

 cost of the extra grain. In practically every case, however, there was enough more 

 skim milk an^l enough better manure made to more than offset the extra expense for 

 grain. . . , The outcome of these trials is in many ways parallel to that of similar 

 experiments lately reported by the Wisconsin Station [E. S. R., 12, p. 81]. " 



Tlie effect of adding single nutrients — protein, carl)ohydrates, fat — to standard 

 rations was studied with 9 cows during 3 feeding periods. The results are summa- 

 rized as follows: "Proffln. — The addition of about one-fifth more digestible protein to 

 a ration already containing amounts of this nutrient greater than standard reiiuire- 

 ments was practically without effect as a milk stimulant. Carhohj/drates. — The addi- 

 tion of about one-fifth more digestible carbohydrates to a ration containing amounts 

 of these nutrients equal to or in excess of standard requirements had little or no 

 effect upon either the quantity or quality of the milk flow. Fat. — The addition of a 

 solid fat to a ration already containing digestible ether extract in excess of standaril 

 reciuirements increased its digestible fat content about one-half. It had a slight effect 

 upon the ijuantity and a pronounced effect upon the quality of the milk i\ovf. The 

 total solid percentage was increased 2 per cent (0.24 per cent) and the fat 7 per cent 

 (0.36 per cent). The increase appears to have been a permanent one." 



The feeding value of buckwheat middlings was compared with that of (1) corn 

 meal, wheat liran, cotton-seed meal, and linseed meal, and (2) corn meal and wheat 

 Ijran. Buckwheat middlings were al)out equal in value to ration 1 as regards the 

 quantity of milk, total solids, and fat produced, l)ut increased the yield of total solids 

 and fat from 8 to 11 per cent over ration 2. The fat content of the milk was increased 

 about 0.20 per cent when buckwheat middlings were fed in considerable quantities. 

 Buckwheat middlings produced cheaper milk and butter, especially as compared 

 with the corn and bran ration. 



A ration containing cotton-seed meal, linseed meal, corn meal, and wheat bran 

 was compared with a ration containing Quaker dairy feed. The nutritive ratios of 

 the 2 rations averaged, respectively, 1: 5.3 and 1: 7.7. "The medium ration produced 

 6 per cent more milk, total solids, and fat than did the wide ration. The quality of 

 the milk remained unchanged." 



Rations of (1) corn and bran and (2) Quaker dairy feed having practically the 

 same nutritive ratios were compared as in previous years. "The corn and bran 

 and Quaker dairy feed made equal quantities of milk and of butter. If the extra 

 manurial value of the corn and bran ration is reckoned as an offset of its extra cost 

 the outcome was exactly even. If this is not taken into account the dairy feed proved 

 l)referal)le." 



In experiments in grooming and watering cows "there was 4 per cent less milk 

 yielded when the cows were groomed than was given when they were left nncarded. 

 The quality of the milk remained unaltered. . . . No more and no better milk was 

 made when the cows drank at will than when they drank twice daily. . . . Warm- 

 ing water from 45 to 70° F. did not avail to impi'ove either the quantity or the (}ual- 

 ity of the milk yield with cows stabled in barns the average winter temperature of 

 which was 45 to 50° F." 



The effect of feed on the quality of butter, J. L. Hills ( Vermont Sin. llpt. 

 1900, ]>p. 443-445)- — The effect of rations made up of hay and silage and different 

 concentrated feeding stuffs upon the quality of butter was studied in connection with 

 the experiments noted above and in continuation of previous work (E. S. R., 12, p. 

 285). The concentrated feeding stuffs compared were buckwheat nuddlings and a 

 mixtureof wheat bran, corn meal, cotton-seed meal, and linseed meal, alone and with 

 the addition, respectively, of buckwheat middlings, gluten flour, sugar, and palm oil. 

 The average results of analyses of 47 samples of butter are given. Buckwheat mid- 

 dlings made a firmer butter than the ration containing cotton-seed meal and linseed 



