STATISTICS. 



597 



double and simple milling, giving 70 per cent of juice, and (3) double milling and 

 maceration, giving 75 per cent of juice. Then from 100 tons of cane crushed the 

 actual bagasse will contain in (1), 24.8, (2), 21, and (3), 16 tons of juice. If the cal- 

 orific power of coal be taken as 14,000 thermal units per poimd, bagasse is worth 

 from i to i of its weight in ordinary coal. A correction must be made, however, as 

 bagasse is l>urned with an average of 150 per cent excess air as compared with 75 

 per cent in coal, and this difference causes a loss in the heating value of bagasse of 

 nearly 11 per cent. With this correction, bagasse burned after coming straight from 

 the mill has actually only from J, to J^ of the value of an equal weight of an 

 ordinary (quality of coal. 



Employment of the bagasse in the fabrication of paper, N. Levy {Bui. 

 Assoc. Chini. Sucr. et Distill., 19 {1901), No. 1-2, jyp. 215-217).— A. description of the 

 manner of prejiaring the bagasse for manufacture of paper, as carried out in Louis- 

 iana and Texas. 



Manufacture of paper from sugar-cane refuse, F. C. Theile {Chem. Ztg., 25 

 {1901 1, Xo. ^'7, pp. 289-290). — The method employed for making paper from sugar- 

 cane refuse as followed at a plant in Texas is described. 



STATISTICS. 



Wages of farm labor in the United States, J. H. Blodgett ( [". 8. Dept. Agr., 

 Ditision of Statistics Bid. 22, ini.sc. ser., pp. 47). — Statistical investigations at 11 differ- 

 ent times during a period of 33 years (1866-1899) of the wages of farm labor at dif- 

 ferent seasons are reported. The results of the investigations from 1866 to 1892 have 

 already been published (E. S. R., 3, p. 906), the more important data being here 

 reprinted. In the investigation of 1898 and 1899 data were also collected on the 

 proportion and wages of white and colored laborers, the number and wages of over- 

 seers or foremen, the cost of board or rations, and the number of hours of lal^or per 

 working day. • In 1870 farm laborers constituted 48.9 jier cent of jaersons engaged in 

 agriculture; in 1880, 43.6 per cent; and in 1890, 35.8 per cent; these with other 

 statistics indicating a tendency of farm laborers to become farm tenants and farm 

 owners. 



The following table summarizes some of the statistics obtained since the previous 

 report : 



Wages per month without and vnth board. 



"The following may serve as a suggestive summary of influences that affect farm 

 wages: (1) Intrinsic; fertility of the soil, (2) products of the locality, (3) market 

 value of land, (4) latitude, (5) elevation, (6) percentage of woodland, (7) rainfall, 

 (8) water supply in springs, streams, and wells, (9) relations to market — (a) timeof 

 transportation, (b) cost of transportation, (10) rates of taxation, (11) economy of 

 public administration, (12) thetyi^eof social life, influencing dress, housing for man, 

 beast, and crops, organizations for roads, education, religion, or other associated 

 effort." The influences affecting wages in each State are pointed out. 



