ENTOMOLOGY. 665 



and injurious ha])its of Schistocerca americana, S. obscura, Dictyophorns reticulatus, 

 DissoMeira raroUnu, Chortophagu viridifaHciata, Orchelimum ai/lk, and other related 

 species. With regard to tlie relation between flooding and rainfall and the presence 

 of grasshoppers, it .was ol)served that where heavy rains occur in May and June, 

 inniiediately following a flooding of the land, the grasshoppers do not prevail to any 

 great extent. Where, however, dry suiumers follow flooding the grasshoppers occur 

 in much larger numbers. 



Some imeclicide experiments, C. L. Marlatt (pp. 33-39). — Plum, apple, and pear trees 

 were sprayed with crude petroleum on March 22 between 2 and 3 p. m. The day 

 was bright and the weather continued fair for 4 days after the application. Another 

 block of trees was sprayed at the same time with kerosene. After the second day 

 the trees which were sprayed with kerosene showed only a very slight discoloration. 

 The crude petroleum was apparent on the trees, however, for 3 weeks. The grass 

 under the trees seemed at first to be badly affected by kerosene, but later it recovered 

 and showed no permanent injury. No bad effects were produced on the trees by 

 either crude petroleum or kerosene, and the San Jose scale and Diaspis pentagona were 

 apparently all killed. A lime, sulphur, and salt wash, made in the proportion of 30 

 lbs. of lime, 20 lbs. of sulphur, and 15 lbs. of salt to 60 gal. of water, was applied at 

 a boiling temperature to pear and plum trees infested with San Jose scale and D. pen- 

 tagona. The application was made on March 23 and repeated on March 24. In 

 order to determine whether the heat of the solution had anything to do with its 

 effectiveness, infested trees were sprayed with boiling water with the result that none 

 of the scale seemed to be injured by such application. The San Jose scale was com- 

 pletely destroyed by the lime, sulphur, and salt wash. The weather following the 

 application was exceedingly favorable, and it is believed that where such is the case 

 this insecticide may prove as effective in the East as on the Pacific Coast. An appli- 

 cation of Bordeaux mixture kerosene emulsion, in the proportion of 5 lbs. Bordeaux 

 mixture to 1 gal. of kerosene, churned together until the oil was emulsified, was 

 sprayed on peach trees infected with D. pentagona on April 24. The mixture had 

 little effect on the trees, but did not kill the scales. Kerosene-lime emulsion, in the 

 proportion of 4 lbs. fresh lime and 5 gal. of water to 1 gal. of kerosene, applied on 

 April 14 to peach trees infested with I), pentagona, had the effect of destroying nearly 

 all of the scales without causing injury to the trees. Whitewash, prepared by slaking 

 2 lbs. of lime in a gallon of water, and applied in a thick coat on April 14 to a plum 

 tree infested with D. jKntagona, had little or no effect on adult scales. It appeared 

 to have a slight value in preventing the settling of young scales. Formaldehyde gas 

 produced in a patent generator to a strength 3 or 4 times greater than that which 

 is necessary for germicide purposes was tested on infested stored products. The 

 Angoumois grain moth was killed if not protected, but the bean weevils were appar- 

 ently not injured. A test was made of this gas by placing a tent over a peach tree 

 infested with D. peniago)ia and generating the gas under the tent. The tree was 

 badly affected and died soon after the application. Scale insects were destroyed. 



The carriage of disease by flies, L. 0. Howard (pp. 39-45). — The essential parts of this 

 article have been noted from another source (E. S. R., 13, p. 163). 



The green clover tvorm {Plathypena scahru), F.H. Chittenden (pp. 45-50). — The larva 

 of this moth feeds on leguminous plants, especially clov^er, and has been observed as 

 attacking beans, peas, soy beans, strawberries, and blackberries. When attacking 

 strawberries the pupal condition was passed in the rolled strawberry leaf. The 

 species is described in its various stages and brief notes are given on its habits and 

 life hi.story. Poisons can of course not be used on infested pasture lands or on clover 

 fields. The attacks of the insects on lawns, however, can be largely prevented by 

 frequent mowing with a lawn mower. 



Report upon an investigation of the codling moth in Idaho in 1900, C. B. Simpson (pp. 

 51-63). — The codling moth is reported as occurring everywhere in Idaho except in 



