ENTOMOLOGY. 671 



dersii, Archytas nnalis, Ichneumon cnpitns, and /. maurus. The cutworm is preyed 

 upon to some extent by the common ground beetle {Scarites subterraneus) . The 

 insect is also subject to a bacterial disease and to the attacks of a parasitic fungus 

 {Empnsa aulicr). Robins, crows, blue jays, chickens, turkeys, and pigs are reported 

 as feeding upon the cutworm. 



The artificial remedies which are recommended in combating this insect include 

 the use of poisoned bran mash, jioisoned vegetable bait, placing tarred paper or cot- 

 ton batting around the trees, spraying with Bordeaux mixture, and hand picking. 



The army worm (Leucaniaunipuncta), E. A Holmberg {Bol. Agr. y Ganaderia. 

 1 {1901), No. 2, pp. 3-8, pi. 1). — An account is given of the geographical distribution, 

 appearance, habits, and means of combating this insect. The remedies which are in 

 common use in this and other countries for army worms are recommended. 



Combating' army worms, A. L. Arribalzaga {Bol. Ayr. y Ganaderia, 1 {1901), 

 No. 5, pp. 52-55). — The author gives brief notes on the habits, life history, and means 

 of combating Enrycreon similis, bollworm, and army worm. Attention is called to 

 the agency of birds in destroying these insects. 



Tent caterpillars {Jour. Bd. Agr. \^London'], 8 {1901) , No. 2, pp. 191-197, pis. 2). — 

 Brief descriptive biological and economic notes on Clisiocampa neustria and Porthesia 

 chrysorrhsca. 



Killing' cankerworms in California, H. G. Keesling {Rural Neu) Yorker, 60 

 {1901), No. 2618, p. 371) . — The use of traps for catching the female moths of canker- 

 worms or for preventing them from climbing the trees proved unsuccessful. The 

 experiment with moth traps was conducted on 200 acres of fruit trees and the traps 

 were given a careful test. Experiments with Paris green, on the other hand, gave 

 good results. Paris green used at the rate of 1 lb. to 200 gal. of water was not 

 sufficient to kill the worms, but when used at the rate of 3 lbs. to 200 gal. the 

 worms were nearly all killed, and the author believes this to be the most successful 

 method for fighting cankerworms. No injury was caused to the foliage by using the 

 Paris green in this strength. Apparently it made no difference in this regard 

 whether a small quantity of lime was mixed with the Paris green or not. During 

 the experiments 3 different brands of Paris green were used without noting any 

 difference in results. It is stated that the same strength of Paris green was used 

 with success on apple trees in destroying the codling moth. 



Insect enemies of the spruce in the Northeast, A. D. Hopkins {U. S. Dept. 

 Agr., Division of Entomology Bid. 28, n. ser., pp. 48, pis. 16, figs. 2). — The species of 

 spruce upon which observations were made were Picea rubens, P. canadensis, and P. 

 montana. A study of insect attacks upon these trees was made in Maine, New Hamp- 

 shire, and Vermont. It was found that dead trees occurred in "well defined areas 

 and were not confined to particular conditions of soil, exposure, or altitude. A spe- 

 cies of bark-mining beetle, described under the name Dendroctonus piceaperda, was 

 found to be the primary cause of the death or unhealthy condition of the spruce. 

 The insect passes the winter in all stages of larva and in adult condition. The beetles 

 which develop from hi))ernating larvje l)egin to emerge about the middle of June. 

 Galleries were excavated and eggs deposited by June 19. Larvae were found in these 

 galleries during the last few days of July, and adult beetles were observed on Octo- 

 ber 4. In northwestern Maine there seems to be only 1 brood annually. 



The beetle attacks only the spruce and only the larger trees. Entrance is made 

 to the bark of healthy trees from 6 to 10 tt. from the ground, and trees which are 

 weakened from disease may be attacked nearer the ground. A detailed description 

 is given of the primary gallery and the secondary or larval mines. Evidence of 

 infestation is to be recognized in the presence of balls of pitch pushed out by the 

 beetles when excavating, in the pale or grayish green color of the leaves, and by the 

 reddish appearance of the twigs after the leaves have fallen. Only 1 brood of beetles 

 develops on the same tree unless, as sometimes happens, but one side of the tree is 



