FOODS NUTRITION. 673 



These include i)arasites and predaceons insects, as well as other animals, and all of 

 the mechanical and chemical remedies which have been suggested for the destruction 

 of the insects. 



Winter washing- of fruit trees {Joxir. Bd. Agr. [London], S {1901), No. ^, pp. 

 14^'), 141',; lid. Ai/r. [Loudon], Lcafet No. 70, pp. 2). — A caustic alkali wash, made 

 by dissolving 1 pound of commercial caustic soda in water and 1 pound of crude 

 }X>tash in water; after these substances "have become dissolved, they are mixed 

 together, | lb. of treacle added, and then sutiicient water is added to make 10 gal. 

 This wash is recommended as efticient in removing moss, lichens, and dead bark 

 from the trunks of trees, and for destroying woolly aphis, codling moth, oyster-shell 

 bark louse, and the eggs of the red spider and plant lice. 



Catalogue of the Tabanidae, C. Kertesz {Exlr. from Termeszet. Fuzelek, 23 

 (1900), pp. 79). — The author has compiled in this article a complete catalogue of the 

 genera and species of the Tabanidpe which have thus far become known. In cases 

 where the original descriptions were not accessible to the author the species were 

 entered according to the citations in Zoological Record and ArcJiir fi'ir Naturgcschichte. 



Mosquitoes. How they live ; how they carry disease; how they are classi- 

 fied; how they may be destroyed, L. O. Howard {Nciv York: McClnre, Phillips & 

 Co., 1901, pp. 241, figs. 50). — In this volume an account is given of the life history 

 and habits of mosquitoes, their connection with malaria, yellow fever, and filariasis. 

 A classification of genera and species of the North American mosquitoes is given, and 

 the natural and artificial enemies of mosquitoes are discussed. Short chapters are 

 presented containing directions for collecting and preserving mosquitoes, and giving 

 analytical tables for identification of different species. The volume constitutes an 

 elaborated form of bulletins by the author, especially Division of Entomology Bul- 

 letin 25 (E. S. R. 12, pp. 768, 769). 



The -fig-ht against mosquitoes, W. J. Matreson {Rural New Yorker, 60 {1901), 

 No. 26S1, p. 417). — A brief account is given of the habits and life history of mosqui- 

 toes in their various stages. It is believed that no body of water which exists during 

 the summer for as long a period as 3 weeks is free from the liability or even certainty 

 of becoming a breeding place for mosquitoes. The use of kerosene oil, as commonly 

 recommended, is considered a successful remedy. 



Dipterous larvse as occasional parasites of man, E. Peipek { FUegenlarven ah 

 gelegenliclte Pnrasitoi des Meiisrhni. Berlin: Louis ^^arcus, 1900, pp. 76, figs. 41)- — 

 The author briefly discusses the life history and habits of diptera which have been 

 reported as parasites of man. A considerable number of species are considered and 

 notes are given on the conditions surrounding the various cases of parasitism. A list 

 of the literature on the subject is appended to the pamphlet. 



Egg-laying workers, C. Dadant {Rev. Lnternat. ApiadL, 23 {1901), No. 11, pp. 

 220-226). — The author gives a general discussion, with historical references, on the 

 subject of the conditions under which this phenomenon among working bees is 

 observed. 



Armature of the prolegs of the silkworm, E. Versox {SidV armatura delle 

 zampe spurie nella larva del filngello. Padua: Tlpogr(fia (Joopcratira , 1901, pp. 27, j^l. 

 1). — The author describes in detail the anatomical structures of the prolegs of silk- 

 worms, with special reference to the development of the claws or l)ristles connected 

 with these structures. The results of this anatomical study are discussed in connec- 

 tion with a critical review of the literature on the su])ject. 



FOODS— NUTRITION. 



Experiments on the digestibility of butter and certain butter substitutes, 

 H. Wibbens and II. E. IIi-izen<;a {Arrh. PIn/.vol. [Pfiiiger], SJ {1901), No. 10-12, pp. 

 609^18). — A comparison was made of the digestil)ility of ])utter, margarine, and sana, 

 a butter substitute which, according to the manufacturers, contains no milk fat. A 



