VETERINARY SCIENCE AND PRACTICE. 691 



VETERINARY SCIENCE AND PRACTICE. 



Investigations on the theory of bacterial infection, A. Radziewsky {Zti^chr. 

 Hijij. II. Lifcdioiifikriuik., 37 {1901), Xo. 1, pp. 1-31, pi. 1). — The literature on the sub- 

 ject is critically reviewed and especial attention is given in experiments to cholera 

 vibrio, typhus l)acillus, Streptvcoccus pi/of/enis, and the anthrax bacillus. From the 

 experiments recorded in this paper the conclusion is drawn that a fatal bacterial 

 infection involves 2 antagonistic processes — the rapid multiplication of the bacteria 

 and tneir destruction. The author had already come to a similar conclusion regard- 

 ing BaciUus coli, and believes that the same processes are characteristic of infections 

 by other bacterial organisms. It is believed that the number of bacteria which are 

 produced during the fatal infection is greatly m excess of the estimates which are 

 commonly made. The number of bacteria which are found at any stage of the dis- 

 ease or at the time of death, in the diseased tissues, represents only the few which 

 have escaped destruction during the progress of the disease. The pathogenic bac- 

 teria are destroyed in the serum of the infected animal and the organism in nearly 

 every instance is alile to immunize itself to some extent against the bacteria. The 

 difference between the fatal and nonfatal infection, in so far as the reaction of the 

 animal organism is concerned, appears in a comparatively late period of the disease 

 and is not to be observed at the beginning of the infection. This difference consists 

 largely in the more pronounced toxic effects which appear in cases of fatal infection. 



The physiology of the leucocytes, A. Lombard ( Comjit. Rend. Soc. Biol. Pari^, 

 53 {1901), Xo. 15, pp. 438, 439). — From previous experiments it was believed to 

 have been demonstrated that the toxic substance in refractory animals was located 

 in the leucocytes. Further experiments were made to determine the influence of 

 atropin and strychnin upon the leucocytes. From these tests it is concluded that 

 hyperleucocytosis is a constant phenomenon after injection with atropin or strych- 

 nin. Within certain limits the more refractory the animal and the larger the dose 

 the more pronomiced is the process. The experiments were conducted on guinea pigs. 



The leucocyte formula in certain experimental infections, C. Achaed and 

 M. LoEPER {Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol. Paris, 53 {1901), Xo. 16, pp. 486, 487).— Thi^. 

 experiments reported in this article were made on dogs and rabbits which were 

 experimentally inoculated with various pathogenic organisms including glanders, 

 anthrax, and actinomycosis. In all cases a leucocytosis ranging from 15-30 to 1,000 

 was obtained, during which the polynuclear cells varied from 76 to 94 per 100. 

 This condition was maintained for a time varying from 3 to 6 days, after which the 

 mononuclear elements became more numerous. The leucocyte formula ajtpears to be 

 quite independent of the nature of the pathogenic organism but depends upon the 

 reaction of the animal to the infection. 



Immunizing bodies in the organism, J. Klimoff {Ztschr. ITyg. u. Infectiom- 

 kranh., 37 {1901), Xo. 1, pp. 120-130). — A series of experiments was conducted wit i 

 cultures of anthrax bacillus 6 hours old and of typhus bacillus 24 hours old. The 

 purpose of the experiments was to determine whether the innnunity of animals to 

 disease is due to the presence of alexins or similar bodies in the organism, or !•> 

 osmotic reactions between the animal serum and the pathogenic bacteria. Expei i- 

 ments showed that rabbit serum in a fresh condition exercised a strongly germicide 

 effect upon the anthrax and typhus bacilli. It was also determined by these experi- 

 ments that the peptone content of the serum was not influenced by heating, and that 

 the presence of peptone could not be assumed to determine the destruction of the 

 bacteria. 



The significance of salts for the germicide action of serum, LixoELSHEiAt 

 (ZtKcJir. Ilijg. u. Infictionskrank., 37 (1901), Xo. 1, pp. 131-172).— This paper contains 

 a report on an extensive series of experiments with anthrax bacillus and other 



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