770 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



are buried by the insects a]ong with the manure and at a suitable depth for the 

 development of vigorous grass plants. It is believed that a considera])le saving in 

 the fertilizing value of the manure is made by being buried beneath the soil where 

 it is not subject to desiccation. When thus placed beneath the surface of the soil it 

 is distributed in small quantities in immediate contact with the roots of the grasses and 

 is thus more immediately available for these plants. The species of insects which 

 are most concerned in this work are Copris campestris, C. cylindrica, Phsenus imperuta, 

 and Ontophagus hircnius. 



Aquatic insects in the Adirondacks, J. G. Needham and C. Bettex [Bid. Neiv 

 York State Mus., 9 {1901), No. 47, pp. 3S3-612, ph. 86, figs. .^^').— This report is based 

 on the results of a study of the life history of about 100 species of insects. During 

 this work 10 new species and 2 new genera were discoverd and many additions were 

 made to the knowledge of the life history of the other known species. The work 

 was done along the Saranac River and included the study of the aquatic insects found 

 in various small ponds and streams in this region. A description is given of the 

 location, and the methods of biological research which were adopted. The life his- 

 tories are given in detail of a number of species of Plecoptera, Ephemerida, Odonata, 

 Neuroptera, Trichoptera, and Diptera, besides brief notes on other orders of insects. 

 A list of sawfiies, with descriptions of 2 new species, is given by A. D. Macgillivray. 

 New species of Diptera are described by D. \V. Coquillett, and new parasitic Hyme- 

 noptera are described by W. H. Ashmead. 



A monograph of the Culicidee or mosquitoes, F. V. Theobald {London : British 

 Museum of Natural History, 1901, vols. 1, pp. XVIII + 424, figs. 151; 2, pp. XIII + 

 391, figs. 148; 3, pp. 8, pis. 42). — The present monograph constitutes the most com- 

 plete account of mosquitoes which has ever been published. In the first volume a 

 general discussion is given on the anatomy, life history, habits, and geographical 

 distribution of mosquitoes. The natural enemies of mosquitoes are mentioned and a 

 brief account is presented of the agency of mosquitoes in carrying malaria, yellow 

 fever, filariasis, and other diseases. A synoptic table is given for the identifica- 

 tion of the different genera of the family, 22 of which are recognized by the author. 

 A table is given showing the species of each genus, and another table is presented 

 giving the geographical distribution of the species of mosquitoes. In all, 122 species 

 which had previously been described are recognized as good species and redescribed, 

 while 136 new species are described. This brings the total number of species recog- 

 nized in the monograph up to 258, with a possible addition of 42 species not yet identi- 

 fied, which would make the total number 300. It is stated that in the collections of 

 the British Museum there are 100 or more new species which will be descril:)ed in a 

 subsequent volume. It will probably also become necessary to revise the genus 

 Culex, on account of its unwieldy nature, and perhajis to exclude certain species 

 from that genus. An extensive bibliography on mosquitoes is given in the second 

 volume, which is also furnished with an index. The figures and plates are original, 

 37 of the latter being done in color, while 5 of the plates are from micro-photographs 

 of the wing scales of different species of mosquitoes. 



FOODS— NUTRITION. 



Studies on bread and bread making at the University of Minnesota in 

 1899 and 1900, H. Sxyder {V. 8. I)e}>t. Agr., Office of Experiment Stations Bid. 

 101, pp. 65, ])Is. 3, fig. 1). — The investigations reported cover studies of (1) the com- 

 parative nutritive value — inchuling both composition and digestibility — of graham 

 flour, entire-wheat flour, and standard patent roller-process flour milled from the same 

 lot of hard Scotch Fife spring wheat; (2) the comparative digestibility of bi-ead and of 

 oatmeal in experiments with a ration consisting of a large, a medium, and a small 



