790 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



Anthrax in Algeria: Natural immunity of pure native races of cattle, E. 



Martin {Bvl. Agr. Algaie d Tunisie, 7 {1901), No. 12, pp. ^^71-277).— IX was lung 

 believed that anthrax did not exist in Algeria. The disease, however, had been con- 

 fused with blackleg, and careful microscopic tests disclosed the fact that it frequently 

 occurs in a typical form. Notes are given on the various periods of the disease. 

 During a study of anthrax by the author, it was found that pure races of native cattle 

 were naturally immune to the disease. Inoculations with virulent blood in doses of 

 from 1 to 3 cm. failed to produce the disease in Arabian cattle, while similar inocu- 

 lations in imported cattle or crosses between imported cattle and native stock readily 

 developed symptoms of anthrax. Infection could not be produced, either by inocu- 

 lation in the jugular vein, by subcutaneous injection, or by feeding with virulent 

 anthrax material. It appears, therefore, that the influence of race may be very 

 decisive in determining the degree of susceptibility to anthrax. It is indicated that 

 cattle raisers will take up the question of determining to what extent the knowledge 

 of the immunity of native cattle may be taken advantage of in producing more im- 

 proved breeds. 



Anthrax infection of carnivorous animals, L. Lange {Hyg. Rundscliait, 11 

 {1901), No. 11, pp. 529-532). — A brief review is given of the literature on the subject 

 of anthrax in carnivorous animals, and an account is presented of an outbreak of this 

 disease among the animals in the Royal Zoological Garden in Posen. During the 

 outbreak of anthrax 2 lions, 1 jaguar, and 1 jackall died of the disease, and several 

 bears apparently had mild cases, from which they recovered. The disease was con- 

 tracted in each case from eating the meat of a horse which had died of anthrax. 



Foot-and-mouth disease, P. Bruno {Qior. R.Soc. Accad. Vet. Ital., 50 {1901), No. 

 16, pj). 379-382) . — A discussion is given of the sanitary measures at present adopted in 

 Italy and elsewhere for the control and eradication of this disease. The author 

 believes that by careful and thorough aj^plication of these methods the disease may 

 be successfully controlled. 



Treatments for foot-and-mouth disease, H. Lermat {Jour. Agricole, [Paris'], 12 

 {1901), No. 134, PP- 86, 87). — No satisfactory direct treatment for this disease has 

 been devised. In case of an outbreak of the disease, it is advisable to disinfect the 

 premises as thoroughly as possible and apply antiseptic washes to affected parts of 

 the animals. The substances which are recommended for this purpose include sali- 

 cylic acid, corrosive sublimate, lysol, sulphate of iron, etc. 



Diarrhea in young calves, Lesage and Delmer {Ann. luxt. Punteur, 15 {1901), 

 No. 6, jyp. 417-439). — This disease has long been known as prevalent among young 

 calves and fatal in a large proi:)ortion of cases. The peculiarities of its occurrence 

 and distribution indicate clearly that the disease is contagious. The authors made 

 an examination of the blood and various organs of calves affected with the disease 

 and identified a species of Pasteurella as the cause of the infection. A technical 

 description is given of the organism and an account of its prevalence and occurrence 

 in the bodies of diseased calves. The organism is found before and after death in the 

 blood, the alimentary tract, and the nasal mucous secretion. Bacterium coli is also 

 found in conjunction with the pathogenic organism, but is not found in the blood 

 during life. It is not considered, therefore, as in any way directly concerned in the 

 production of the disease. The disease is considered identical with "white scour" 

 of Ireland. The authors prefer the use of the term diarrhea to enteritis -or septi- 

 cfemia, which latter terms refer only to one phase of the symptoms. In new-born 

 calves the disease develops sometimes rapidly, within from 1 to 2 days, or more 

 slowly, within from 8 to 20 days. In such cases the organism gains entrance to the 

 animal through the umbilical cord. The first period of the disease is characterized 

 by an inflammation of this structure. Later the organism passes into the blood and 

 causes a septicfemia which persists until death. Occasionally the sej)ticjemia disap- 

 pears and the pathogenic organism continues to multiply in the alimentary tract and 

 in the respiratory organs. Where the disease occurs in calves of greater age it ia 



