nOKTICULTURE. 853 



number of fruits per plant an<l the weight of the product per plant are shown to be 

 about double those secured with the tall-growing or standard varieties. It is noted 

 liowever, that tin- dwarf varietie-s had 21 scj. ft. of soil-surface space each, while with 

 the tall-growing sorts the range was from U to 2 sq. ft. 



Aleyrodes, or " white flies," were present to some extent during the test, and it is 

 predicted that they might be very destructive if allowed to become well established 

 early in the sea.son. 



From these tests the conclusions are drawn that dwarf tomatoes mature fully as 

 early and bear longer than tall-growing or standard sorts, and that where the tall 

 sorts like the Lorillard can be pro<luced profitably the dwarf tomatoes under like 

 conditions will bear more, area for area, ami be more profitable. 



Variety tests of cabbage, O. M. Mouins {Oklahoma Sla. Bui. 52, pp. L5, IG).— 

 Tabulated data arc givt'u for the yields of 35 varieties of cabbage for the 2 seastms 

 of 1890 and 18V>1, with brief descriptive notes on some of the more im[)ortant 

 varieties. 



Some points on fruit culture, ('. 15. Waldhon {Xorlh Dakota Sta. Bui. 49, pp. 

 23, figx,. 7). — Fruit conditions in North Dakota differ from those in the eastern United 

 States in the winters being coMer, the growing season shorter, and the rainfall less. 

 These conditions necessitate different cultural methods. Instead of stopping cultiva- 

 tion of the orchani in August to ripen up wood, as is done in the East, it should be 

 continued much longer during the season, in order to retain the moisture in the soil. 

 Mulching the trees in late fall to maintain moisture during the winter has been found 

 to be of the greatest impoi-tance. South slopes for orchards, where the sun is hot 

 and the drying process active, must be avoided. It is stated that only one species 

 of plum (Prumts americana) can be grown at present with any success in the State. 

 For general cultivation De Soto, Forest Garden, Weaver, Cheney, Wolf, Rolling 

 Stone, and Wyant are recommended. Directions are given for the culture of plums, 

 apples, currants, gooseberries, raspberries, and strawberries. Currants and goose- 

 berries are quite successfully grown. Raspberries require winter protection, and 

 should be l)ent over in the fall and covered with mamire. The strong drying winds 

 of early spring are a serious drawback to the culture of strawberries, and it is 

 thought that these may be successfully cultivated with the protection of windbreaks. 



Apple growing in Addison County, F. A. Waugh and M. B. Cummings ( Ver- 

 mont Sla. Bui. M, pp. 31-36, figs. 3). — A farm-to-farm canvass of the orchardists of 

 Addison County was made, and data secured as to the number of fruit trees, yield of 

 fruit, cultural methods employed, etc. Addison County produces more apples than 

 any other ctninty in the State. The number of bearing trees api)roximated 26,500. 

 The crop in 1900 was 30,060. bbls. and in 1901 it was 10,870 l)bls. Methods of apple 

 culture observed throughout the county were found to be rather slack. Out of 42 

 representative apple growers whose orchards were personally examined, only 8 

 practiced any cultivation of the soil. The remainder grew their orchards in grass. 

 Ten out of the 42 growers used some fertilizers on their orchards, but only 2 or 3 in 

 adequate amount. Only 4 sprayed their orchards. Five or 6 orchards were pro- 

 tected in a measure by windbreaks, but the windbreaks were there accidentallj' and 

 not by design. A very large number of varieties of apples were fotmd to be grown 

 throughout the county. 



The authors offer many suggestions regarding improved methods of apple growing. 

 Proper cultivation "consists of plowing the land early in the spring and in following 

 this with a surface cultivation with spring-tooth or cutaway harrow every 10 days 

 till July 1. By that time the wood is done growing and cultivatif)n should be 

 stopped. Then a cover crop of clover, 8 lbs. to the acre, or of jieas, 2 bu. to the 

 acre, or of buckwheat, 1 bu. to the acre, shoukl be sown. The cover croj) holds its 

 place untouched till the following spring, when it is turned under at the annual 

 plowing." 



