VErERINARY SCIENCE AND PRACTICE. 895 



Immunity of pigeons and guinea pigs vaccinated against anthrax, and the 

 properties of their serum, J. hk Nirns (.!//*(. Inst. J'aslcnr, 15 (1001), Xa. 10, pp. 

 769-784)- — Suooesfsful vairination of both of these animals was accomplished, in spite 

 of the fact that the pigeon is especially refractory to anthrax, and guinea pigs are so 

 susceptible that it has been considered impossible to vaccinate them. The vaccina- 

 tion of the pigeon offers no difticulties on account of its possession of natural immu- 

 nity. An actual vaccination was accomplished, however, as proved by the fact that 

 vaccinated pigeons survived an injection of a fatal dose of anthrax culture. The vac- 

 cination of guinea pigs was found to be a long and difficult operation. By means of 

 a method in which two attenuated vaccines were used the desired result was obtained, 

 only after two or three months, and many animals were lost in spite of all i)recautions. 

 The chief difficulty was in passing from one vaccine to another, and especially from 

 the second vaccine to virulent anthrax cultures. As the result of numerous experi- 

 ments it was found that the anthrax bacillus introduced hypodermically in vacci- 

 nated pigeons preserved its virulence. The virulence of the bacillus when grown in' 

 immune serum was found to be diminished. The serum of vaccinated pigeons pro-- 

 tects guinea pigs and mice against death by anthrax. The anthrax bacillus, wheni 

 introduced hypodermically in vaccinated guinea pigs, is attenuated, but when grown; 

 in the serum of vaccinated guinea pigs seems to preserve its virulence. The serum' 

 of strongly vaccinated guinea pigs is without action on mice and guinea pigs inocur- 

 lated with anthrax. 



Parturient paresis, R. C. Hill [Amer. Vet. Rev., 25 {1901), No. 4, p. 381).— A. 

 summary is given of the results of applying the Schmidt treatment to 12 cases of this^ 

 disease. Directions are given for preparing the udder previous to making the infu- 

 sion. Under this treatment 75 per cent of the cases recovered, and all but one of 

 these were able to walk within 6 hours after treatment. 



The Schmidt treatment for parturient paralysis, J. J. Repp (Jour. Comp. 

 Med. and Yet. Arch., '22 [1901), Xo. 9, pp. 545-556). — A brief account is given of the 

 history, distribution, causes, pathological anatomy, symptoms, course, and treat- 

 ment of this disea.se. Circular letters were sent to practicing veterinarians in Iowa 

 for the purpose of obtaining statistics regarding the prevalence of the disease and the 

 results of treatment by various methods. The statistics thus obtained are carefully 

 tabulated. From these reports it appears that 76.5 per cent of cures was obtained, 

 by the use of iodid of potash. 



Experiments to prove the immunity of cattle to glanders, M. Prettnek 

 {C'erdbJ. Bali. v. Par., 1. Abf., 30 [1901), No. 2, pp. 80-82).— Vvev'wns, experiments 

 had indicated that cattle were immune to glanders, but the author undertook further 

 experiments in order to demonstrate the fact more absolutely. Two calves were 

 chosen for the experiment. One calf received 10 gm. of a bouillon culture of 

 glanders bacilli in the auricular vein. A slight elevation of temperature was noted 

 in the animal, but after 3 days the animal had entirely recovered from tlie inocula- 

 tion. The calf was killed 2 months later, and upon a post-mortem examination no 

 evidence was found of any pathological changes of a glanderous nature. The second 

 calf received the same quantity of bouillon culture in the body cavity. No infection 

 was produced. Since, however, it had previously been shown that the glanders 

 bacillus loses a part of its virulence in artificial culture, one more experiment was 

 made in v.hich material for inoculation was taken directly from vinilent glanderous 

 pus. This experiment was conducted on a young calf, and the same result was 

 obtained as in the other two experiments. The author believes, therefore, that 

 cattle may be considered al)solutely immune to glanders. 



Dehorning of stock, C. F. Do.\xe {Maryland Sta. Bid. 78, pp. S9-49, ./?>/.•*. .?).— 

 A general account is given of the history of dehorning, its various advantages and 

 disadvantages, together with a summary of the results obtained in dehorning at dif- 



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