970 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD 



combined; lime-sulphur-and-salt wash; and kerosene-lime emulsion. A .simpler 

 method for fastening the door of the tree fumigator, devised at the station, is described. 

 Its chief advantage lies in the ease and quickness with which the door may be put in 

 place. By this method the buttons previously used are replaced by stout straps which 

 extend across the door to the margin of the fumigator. 



Spraying- and fumigating- for San Jose scale, F. H. Hall, V. H. Lowe, and 

 P. J. Pakrott {Nev York State Sta. Bui. 202, popvlar ed., pp. 6, figs. 2). — A popular 

 sunnnary of the above bulletin. 



Preliminary experiments in spraying to kill the San Jose scale insect in 

 1901, W. E. Britton {Connecticut State Sta. Bui. 136, pp. 12, pi. 1). — In experiments 

 by the author twigs were examined before insecticides were applied for the purpose 

 of determining the percentage of living scales. Another examination was made 6 

 weeks after spraying. The insecticides used in these experiments included common 

 laundry soap. Babbitt's lye, kerosene, and crude oil. Applications were made on 

 April 12, the kerosene being applied in a mechanical mixture containing from 15 to 

 20 per cent of the oil, and Babbitt's lye in the proportion of 1 lb. to 4 gal. of water. 

 A i^ear tree drenched with crude oil showed less than 1 per cent of living scale 

 insects after the application. The use of a 15 per cent mixture of kerosene was also 

 fatal to most scales. Babbitt's lye was less effective than either the crude oil or 

 kerosene. Various mixtures of crude oil with water caused snch injuries to the 

 foliage and fruit of peach trees as to prohibit its use on these trees when in leaf. 

 Soap and water also injured the foliage nearly as badly as crude oil. The kerosene 

 mixture did not injure the foliage. The crude oil was most effective of all in killing 

 scales. In another experiment kerosene and crude oil in mixtures with water con- 

 taining 10 to 15 per cent of the oils were used. Young scales were found crawling 

 about on the trees the day after the application. A plum tree was sprayed with a 

 15 per cent mixture of kerosene until the insecticide dripped from the branches. 

 The tree shed a few leaves but was not seriously damaged; only 3 of o08 scale insects 

 remained alive. Currants sprayed on March 12 with a soap emulsion of kerosene 

 containing 25 per cent kerosene were not injured and less than 1 per cent of the scale 

 insects remained alive. The author concludes that it is safe to apply kerosene in a 

 15 per cent mixture with water to fruit trees and foliage and that the scale may be 

 held in check to some extent by such treatment. It was found that crude oil and a 

 20 per cent mixture of kerosene destroyed the scales when applied to dormant trees 

 late in the spring. The scale insects were not so effectively destroyed by the same 

 treatment in June. 



The principal scale insects of grapes, V. Ma vet {Pnxj. Agr. et Vit. (Ed. U Est), 

 22 {1901), No. 52, pp. 757-760, pi. 1). — Descriptive Ijiological and economic notes are 

 given on Dactylopius vitis and Lecanium ci/mbiforme. According to the author's 

 observations, the grapevines most frequently become infested with scale insects when 

 they are in a weakened or unthrifty condition. Winter treatment is preferred to 

 summer treatment. The main trunk of grapevines and branches maybe painted 

 with crude petroleum containing 5 per cent of naphthaline and 10 per cent of pow- 

 dered lime. Another remedy recommended by the author is prepared in the follow- 

 ing proportions: 1,000 gm. water, 300 gm. black soap dissolved while warm, 5 gm. 

 heavy oil, 5 gm. naphthaline. 



British vegetable galls, E. T. Connold {London: IFidchinson ct Co., 1901, pp. 

 312, ph. 130, figs. 27). — In this volume the author describes and illustrates about 

 two-thirds of the vegetable galls known in England and gives a list of the reniainder, 

 with a brief description of each. In the preliminary chapters the nature of vegetable 

 galls is described, with notes on their sizes, shapes, colors, and on methods of col- 

 lecting, mounting, and preserving them. One chapter is devoted to the mode of 

 growth and various systems of classification of galls, and another to the collection 

 and preservation of animal organisms which cause galls. The agents concerned in 



