ENTOMOLOGY. 971 



the production of arallsi are mites, nematodes, beetles, flies, jilant lire, moths, wasps, 

 and fungi. Galls may lie formed on the roots, stem, branches, leaves, flowers, seed 

 pods, and other organs of the plants. The discussion and description of each kind 

 of gall are exhaustive and the original illustrations accompanying the text are of 

 excellent character. 



Spraying- for second brood of codling moth, J. W. Lloyd ( Trmis. Illinois Ilort. 

 Sot:, H. ser., S5 (1901), jip. 4ol-4oS).—lt was oltserved that the second brood of the 

 larva of the codling moth was entering late apples in the orchards of the experiment 

 station to a consideralile extent. On August 3, 5 trees were sprayed with Paris green 

 at the rate of ] lb. to 50 gals, of water, and on August 10 a second application was 

 made. Examinations of the fallen apples from unsprayed trees showed that 22.75 

 per cent of the larv;e had entered close to the stem, 33.48 per cent at the calyx, and 

 43.76 per cent at other points on the surface of the apple. Experiments in the field 

 and in the laboratory indicated that young larvte may be destroyed by spraying 

 with Paris green, even after they have punctured the skin of the apple. An exami- 

 nation of the larv.e of co<lling moth in sprayed and unsprayed apples showed conclu- 

 sively that the lar\te in unsprayed apples were in a more healthful and vigorous 

 condition than those in sprayed apples. 



Investigations concerning Lynxantria monacha and its injuries in SOder- 

 manland during 1900, S. BEXciTssox {E)it. Tidskr., 22 (1901), No. 2-3, pp. 

 14o-137). — The author made a study of the habits of this species. Notes are given 

 on the relative abundance of the 2 sexes. A large number of parasites were bred and 

 are brieflj* described in the article. 



Plum sawfly (Hoplocampa fulvicornis), J. Axderssox {Ent. Tidskr., 22 {1901), 

 No. 1, pp. 57-60). — Great damage is reported from the attacks of this insect. In 

 some cases 90 per cent of the plums were injured. Various remedies are suggested, 

 including picking off all injured fruit. 



Imported willow and poplar curculio ( Cryptorhynchus lapathi), F. M. 

 "Webster {E.iimct Jrom Jovr. Columhus Ilort. Sac, 16 (1901), No. 4, pp. 12, figs. 6). — 

 Brief notes are given on the distribution of this insect in the United States and on 

 the injury caused by it in various States where it has become most numerous. A 

 review of the European literature on this insect is given by A. H. Kirkland. 



Notes on Australian Hemiptera, W. W. Froggatt {Agr. Gaz. New Soidh Wales, 

 12 {1901), No. 12, pp. 1592-1601, pi. 1). — Brief biological and economic notes on a 

 number of species of l>ugs which are injurious to cultivated crops in Australia. 



Dangerous mosquitoes in Kentucky, H. Garmax {Kentucky Sta. Bui. 96, pp. 

 199-215, pi. 1). — The author presents a general review of the results obtained by 

 different authors in the study of the biology of mosquitoes. Among the species 

 found in Kentucky, mention is made of Anopholes punctipennis, A. maculipennis, Culex 

 pvngens, C. impigev, Psorophora ciliata, and Stegomyia fasciata. The last-named 

 species is the one which is commonly supposed to be connected with the transmis- 

 sion of yellow fever, and is stated bj^ the author to be the most common species of 

 mosquito in Kentucky. It was found to be breeding in barrels, buckets, and other 

 utensils in which water was allowed to stand during the summer. With regard to 

 the destruction of mosquitoes the author recommends the draining of ponds or cov- 

 ering them with a film of kerosene oil, and for protection against the bites of mos- 

 quitoes it is recommended that the exposed parts of the body be rubbed with 

 naphthaline, oil of pennyroyal, or kerosene. 



Carbon bisulphid as an insecticide, W. E. Hinds ( U. S. Dept. Agr., Farmers' 

 Bui. 145, pp. 28). — A general account is given of the nature, application, and effect- 

 iveness of carbon bisulphid for insecticide purposes. The discussion includes the 

 following subjects: Liijuid properties, vapor properties of carbon bisulphid, effects of 

 inhalation of the vapor, diffusion of the vapor, insecticidal power, connnercial uses. 

 It is used in the treatment of jjliylloxera. root maggots, ants, white grubs, mole 



