HORTICULTURE. 1051 



feet from the frrouiid, and the strongest shoot that conies from the stum]) l)e used to 

 graft on, the other shoots lu'ing removed. It is advised tliat the scion used should 

 lie taken from licaUliy, \igorous (i-ycai'-old trees. 



Some revelations about the cultivation, the commerce, and the use of cof- 

 fee, J. C. Alves 1)e Lima {Si/ntcaxe, N. V.: Mason Press, 1901, pp. 16, pi. 1, map 1). — 

 Statistics of coffee production in Brazil and of the importation of coffee into the 

 United States. A map is included showing the chief coffee zones of Brazil. 



On the composition of some common berries, J. A. ITummei, {Farm Students' 

 Rev., 6 {1901), No. 8, p. 119). The author reports the composition of several varie- 

 ties o*" currants, gooseberries, black and red raspberries, and strawberries. 



Strawberry packages, J. .M. Biissom {Rer. Ilort. {Pitris'], 7-i {1901), No. 20, pp. 

 470-472, Jujs. .'/). — The various packages used for marketing strawberries in the Paris 

 market are described and illustrated. 



Preparation of dried raisins, Trabit {Bui. Ayr. ^-xujerie ct Tunisie, 7 {1901), No. 

 2, pp. 49.i-497, Jiij!<. -/) .—Sultana raisins are prepared in Algiers by first dipping them 

 for about 2 seconds in a boiling lye solution made up of 500 gm. of caustic potash 

 and 30 liters of water. After dipping, the grapes are spread out on trays and left in 

 the sun 1 or 2 days. The trays are then piled up one on the other where the raisins 

 dry without further care. 



Hazelnut culture, L. Schenz {Mijller's Dent. Gart. Ztf/., 16 (1901), No. 12, pp. 135, 

 1.16). — Brief notes on methods of hazelnut culture, with description of 37 varieties. 



Hazelnut culture, L. Schildknecht (3/o//«'r's DeH^ Gart. Zty., 16 {1901), No. 14, 

 p. 162). — Soil, methods of culture, and cost and profits in hazelnut culture near 

 Leipzig are noted. Generally the business has not proved very profitable. 



Vanilla: Its culture, preparation, and commerce, H. Lecomte and C. Chalot 

 {La vanilliir; sa culture, preparation, et commerce de la ranille. Paris: C. Naud, 1902, 

 pp. 2'28, fif/s. 28) . — This is a popular account of the culture of the vanilla tree, and 

 of the preparation of the vanilla of commerce. The book opens with a botanical 

 account of the plant, followed by botanical descriptions of the different species of 

 vanilla and an account of the climatic and soil conditions necessary for its growth, 

 ©irections are given for setting out a vanilla plantation, the care necessary to give it, 

 and the means of combating insect and fungus pests. Methods of planting are dis- 

 cussed, together with harvesting, packing, the chemistry of the plant, connnercial 

 preparation of vanilla extract, adulterations of vanilla, and the i)roduction of vanilla 

 in different countries. A bibliography of 58 papers on the subject is appended. 



Vanilla; culture in Mexico, R. Lopez v Parra {La vainilla; su cultivo y beneficio 

 en la Republica Mexicanu y en el extranjero. Mexico: Imprenta " El monoijrama," 

 1900, pp. 69). 



Rubber culture in Venezuela, L. Morisse {ScI. Ainer. Sup., r>2 {1901), No. 1355, 

 pp. 21724, 21725). — The methods of the Indians in gathering rubber in the Venezue- 

 lan rubber forests are set forth, and an account given of the extent of the forests and 

 of some experiments in pricking rubl)cr trees and gathering tlie product. During 15 

 days the author states he i)ricked 912 trees daily, securing 80 kg. of coagulated milk 

 per day, from which 50 kg. of fine and ilry caoutchouc were .secured, worth 7 francs 

 per kilogram. 



Gums and gum resins from Senegal and Soudan, J. Vuili.kt {.{(jr. Prat. Pays 

 Cliaud, 1 {1901), No. 3, pp. 327-341)- — An account is given of the production and com- 

 merce of gums and gum resins in Senegal and Soudan, with descriptions of the prin- 

 cipal species of Acacia from which these gums are obtained, and of several other 

 gum trees. 



History of the chrysanthemum, (i. E. IMcClure {Gardeniny, 10 {1901), No. 

 223, pp. 99-101). — A paper on this subject, read before the St. Louis Florists' Club, 

 November 9, 1901. 



