DISEASES OF PLANTS. 1059 



methods of (•om1>atiii>; ari- descriht'd. Tl)e iliseases ari^ ^Trmpcd under tlic licadinjrs 

 constitutional diseases, sucli as fasciation and ahnoniial growth; fungus diseases; 

 diseases and injuries due to unfavoral)lo atinosplierie conditions; diseases attiMiding 

 the curing of tol)acco; and nnclassiiied diseases, such as the mosaic disease, etc. 



A rust on cultivated lettuce, H. A. Ballou {Amer. Gard., 22 [1901), No. 366, 

 p. 874)- — Notes tlie occurreme of Pucdnia preiinrdhin upon cultivated lettuce. When 

 observed it was in the fecidial stage, and while common upon the wild lettuce it 

 apparently has not been reported as occurring upon the cultivated species. The 

 occurrence of the fungus upon this liost plant is attril)ute<l to the fact that the lettuce 

 M-as grown on low, moist land, antl the season being i-old and wet made the host 

 unusually susceptil)le. 



Apple rots in Illinois, (t. \\ Ciastok (Illmois Sla. Bui. 69, pj>. IS9-J24, pb. 10). 



A review is given of the different fruit rots which have been observed on the apple 

 in the State of Illinois. Among those mentioned are the fruit burn, which is 

 caused by the scalding or sunburning of the apples, the l)rown rot, soft rot, fniit 

 blotch due to a Phyllostiiia sp., the black rot, and a number of miscellaneous decays 

 that are sometimes noticed. The fruit blotch is believed to be caused by an unde- 

 scri]>ed fungus that somewhat resembles Phyllosticta limitata, but is distinct from that 

 as well as related species. 



The principal portion of the bulletin is occupied with a discussion of bitter rot. 

 This is pnjbably of widest distribution and occasions the most injury of any of the 

 apple diseases, i^praying has been tried with more or less success for its prevention, 

 and experiments are still being prosecuted along this line, and the results will be 

 reported later. The appearance of the affected fruit and conditions affecting the 

 development are described. So far the bitter rot is reported in Illinois as occurring 

 only on the apple, although elsewhere it is known to attack the pear, peach, quince, 

 and grape. The manner of infection and life history of the fungus are described at 

 some length. 



The summer stage, which is the one commonly known as Gkro.'fpoi'hi in fnuiiijfnum, 

 was investigated at considerable length by means of artificial cultures and artificial 

 infections. It was found that the V)itter-rot fungus would develop on a variety of 

 fruits if spores were introduced under the epidermis by means of a needle. In this 

 way it was found possible to infect apples, pears, peaches, grapes, tomatoes, etc. 

 The details of the artificial inoculations are given. While studying this stage the 

 author discovered the permanent form of the fungus, which he calls the Gnomoniopsis 

 stage. While occurring with considerable abundance in his culture media, this was 

 observed but twice on apples, one of which was on an apple that had been inoculated 

 with (Tl(posporium spores and kept for a considerable time in a moist chamber. 

 Infection experiments were carried on in which the mature form of the fungus wa.s 

 developed from the Glceosporium stage and the Ghcftsporium stage from the mature 

 form, thus completing the life cycle of the fungus. In following the precedent gen- 

 erally established for the naming of fungi — that they be named from their mature 

 or permanent stage rather than from the summer stage — the author projHjses the 

 name be changed to GtKnnoviop.v-tfriirtigi'nn, a technical <lescrii)tion of which is given. 



A new species of Botrytis parasitic upon the Japanese persimmon, W Hkizi 

 (Stdz. Sprr. Agr. Itol., .i4 ilUOl), Xo. 8, pp. 767-77-J). — A description is given of 

 Bolriftix (lionpiri, n. sp., and the injury it causes upon its host plant is <lescrilH'd. 

 The fungus attacks the fruit when approaching the period of ripening, causing its 

 abnormal growth an<l i)reventing i)erfect maturity. S])raying with a 2 |>er cent 

 solution of Bordeaux iiiixturc is recommendi'd as a preventive treatment. 



Studies on the cause of grape-leaf perforations, H. Brizi (Sta:. S/xt. .(;//•. 

 IlaL, 34 [1901), No. 8, pp. 774-788). — A disease of grape leaves, in which ragged 

 perforations were made in the leaves, raafle its api)earance rather suddeidy in cen- 

 tral Italy. Investigations by the author showed it was due to attacks of GUvo».por'mm 

 ampelophtujniii which was frequently associated with the common grape anthracnose. 



