1078 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



"Lastly, it may be interesiting to note (as tlie question of feeding bullocks in boxes 

 as against open yards has often lieen raised in i-onnection with the Woburn experi- 

 ments) that the box-fed lot did quite as well as those in the yards." 



Ocean transportation of cattle and horses ( U. tS. Dept. Agr., Bureau of Animal 

 Itidiixir// Ujit. moo, jip. S7-!'0, pis. '!). — A l)rief descriptive article. 



Early feeding of mangels to sheep; and gorse as food for sheep, J. A. 

 VoELCKER {Jour. Iloi/. Agr. >Soc. England, 6^' {1901), pp. 308-316). — Continuing 

 earlier work on the value of mangel-wurzel and gorse for sheep (E. S. R., 11, p. 773), 

 a test was l)egun with 4 lots of 12 sheep each, weighing on an average 111 lbs. 

 Lots 1 and 4 were fed mangel-wurzels; lots 2 and 3 Swedish turnips; lots 1 and 2 

 gorse; and lots 3 and 4 meadow hay, while all the lots were given linseed cake. The 

 feeds were analyzed. The test began November 9. Some of the sheep were fed 

 February 15, others at intervals, the last on March 18. The average gain per head 

 in the 4 lots was 35;}, 'i2j\, 33} and .39jV lbs. The author notes that mangel-wurzels 

 gave better results than Swedish turnips, and that gorse W'as inferior to hay. " One 

 pound of gorse did not replace \ 11). of hay chaff with any advantage." 



Experiments Awith swine, U. E. Day ( Ontario Agr. Col. and Expt. Farm Rpt. 

 1901, pp. oS-6-2). — In the fii-st of the 2 tests reported the value of roots as part of 

 a ration was studied with 2 lots of high-grade Yorkshire pigs, averaging 42 lbs. each 

 in weight, and 2 lots of 5 similar animals averaging 55 lbs. each in weight. Lots 1 

 and 2 were fed barley and middlings, and lots 3 and 4 corn and middlings, lots 2 and 

 4 receiving an amount of raw jxilped mangel-wurzels in addition, equal in quantity to 

 the grain ration. Early in the test the corn or barley and middlings were fed in the 

 proportion of 2:1, latter in the proportion of 1 : 1, and at the close of the test in the 

 proportion of 1 : 2. In 28 weeks the average daily gain per pig in the 4 lots was 

 0.639, 0.857, 0.677, and 0.757 lb., respectively. The corresponding dry matter eaten 

 per pound of gain was 4.39, 3.80, 4.25, and 4.03 lbs. The pigs were slaughtered and 

 the quality of the bacon judge<l by an expert. According to the author "the feed- 

 ing of equal weights of roots and meal gave more rapid and more economical gains 

 than the feeding of meal alone. The hogs fed roots produced bacon of superior 

 quality to those which were not fed roots. 



' ' In connection with the above it must be remembered that the quality of roots 

 used was a very moderate one, and the excessive use of roots might have an oppo- 

 site effect." 



Continuing earlier work (E. S. R. , 13, p. 380), a test was undertaken to compare 

 feeding pigs on pasture and in pens, and to determine the effect of rape fed with 

 meal upon the firmness of bacon. As in earlier work, 6 breeds connnonly raised 

 locally for the exjiort bacon trade were included. The larger and stronger animals, 

 numbering 16, were pastured ; the smaller and less thrifty, numbering 18, were fed in 

 pens. The test began July 6. The larger pigs were sold October 14, the remainder 

 were fed until November 12. All the pigs were given dry barley and middlings 2:1, 

 ad libitum. Those fed indoors received all the green feed they would eat in addi- 

 tion, at first tares and later rape, consuming on an average 4 lbs. per head daily. 

 The pigs fed out of doors were pastured at first on rape and tares, later on rape, 

 consuming on an average 4.33 lbs. of green feed per head daily. The 2 lota con- 

 sumed, respectively^ 3.95 and 5.23 lbs. of grain per jiound of gain. The pigs were 

 slaughtered and the bacon judged by an expert, the breeds ranging as follows: 

 Yorkshire, Berkshire, Duroc Jersey, Poland China, Tamworth, and Chester White. 

 The principal conclusions follow : 



"In this experiment, feeding hogs on pasture proved a very expensive method, 

 whereas feeding in pens with the same kmds of food gave reasonably economical 

 gains. The outside hogs ate more meal and made slower gains than those fed 

 inside. . . . All the hogs produced bacon of satisfactory firmness. This reeult 



