1098 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



5 minutes' duration, in connection with brisk ru])bing of the affected parts of the 

 skin with l)rushes. No poisonous effect of the solution was observed, either in the 

 ordinary dipping or in cases where some of the solution happened to l)e swallowed. 

 The normal condition of the wool was not affected, either in its iirmness or color. 

 The cost of the solution is l)elieved to be such as to make it suitable for jiractical 

 application. 



Malaria of horses, A. Theiler {Inaug. Diss., Unir. Bern, 1901, pp. 32, ph. //). — 

 The symptoms and course of this disease in horses are described from the author's 

 observations and from general experience with the disease. Malaria of horses is 

 considered distinct from surra, since the latter is not caused by malarial parasites, 

 but by fiaggellate infusoria. The appearance of the plasmodium of the disease in its 

 different stages is described in detail. Malaria is considered identical with the 

 disease described by Wiltshire in 1883 under the name anthrax fever, and also with 

 the disease commonly called biliary fever. Ordinary malaria affects only certain 

 individual horses in a herd, but it may occur in an epizootic manner. The diag- 

 nosis can be made with certainty only by demonstration of the jaarasites in the 

 blood. Acute cases run a course of from 2 to 5 days, while chronic cases may 

 result in death after a period of from 2 to 4 weeks. The prognosis in the case of this 

 disease will be determined largely by the quality and frequency of the pulse. If 

 the animal successfully passes through the period of fever, a secondary period of 

 icterus persists for a considerable time, and may prove fatal. If the disease is 

 observed during its earliest stages, the administration of quinin 3 times per day in 

 doses of from B to 10 gni. will freijuently effect a cure. 



The elbow boil of horses and its treatment, D. Kallmann {Inaug. Diss., Vnlv. 

 Bern, 1900, pp. 7, figs. 11). — In an investigation of thi? subject the author found that 

 comparatively few cases of the disease occur when horses stand in stalls furnished 

 with stone floors. The symptoms, course of development, and pathological anatomy 

 of the disease are described in detail. It was found that as a rule this affection is a 

 form of bursitis olecrani, and is not due to bruises from any part of the shoe. The 

 term elbow boil is considered, therefore, more applicable than calk boil. The best 

 results in treating this disease were obtained by the injection of tincture of iodin. 

 The fluid contents of the boil were first removed by a hypodermic needle, and the 

 iodin was then injected into the bursa. If no subsequent discharges were observed, 

 no further treatment was required; otherwise, the injection may l)e repeated, or if 

 suppuration takes i>lace the bursa may be cut open and removed, in which case the 

 wound will require dailv treatment for aljout 2 weeks. A bibliography of 62 titles 

 is appended to the dissertation. 



The constant occurrence of pathogenic micro-organisms, especially the 

 bacillus of swine erysipelas, in the tonsils of pigs, C. Baiekmeister [Inaag. 

 Diss., Univ. Bern, 1901, pp. .58). — The author's studies were made largely upon mate- 

 rial obtained while practic-ing meat inspection in the aliattoir at Hanover. It was 

 fouird that the tonsils of pigs almost always contain pathogenic organisms, especially 

 the bacillus of swine erysipelas. The organisms were for the most part found in the / 

 ducts of the tonsilar glands and those of the soft palate. It was frequently observed 

 that stiff portions of food, such as crushed and split grains, etc., had become inserted 

 into the ducts of these glands or into the tissue of the tonsils, in some cases causing 

 slight lesions. The penetration of these foreign bodies furnishes excellent condi- 

 tions for pathogenic organisms to obtain a foothold in such locations. Inoculation 

 experiments upon various experimental animals showed that the micro-organisms 

 found in such places are pathogenic. The most interesting fact in connection with 

 the bacillus of swine erysijielas is that this organism was found in a large })ercentage 

 of the perfectly healthy pigs. Under ordinary circumstances it does not seem to 

 spread from the tonsils so as to cause a general infection, but it is believed that its 

 frequent occurrence there may account for many outbreaks of this disease which 

 have been observed where the method of mfection could not be determined. 



