TETRANDRIA— MONOGYNIA. Scabiosa. 195 



rough with deflexed hairs. Radical leaves numerous, obovate, 

 entire j those of the stem variously toothed, or coarsely ser- 

 rated ; the uppermost lanceolate, entire j all dark green, harsh 

 and hairy. Fl. 3 or more, dark purplish blue j often milk-white ; 

 very rarely, according to Dr. Kendrick, of a pale purple. They 

 are too bright a blue in Engl. BoL The hairs on every part of 

 the flower-stalks point upwards. Seed-crown chiefly of 5 bristles. 



2. S. arvensis. Field Scabious. 



Corolla in four segments; the marginal flowers radiant. 

 Leaves pinnatifid, cut. Stem bristly. 



S. arvensis. Linn. Sp. PL 143. mild. v. 1. 550. Fl. Br. 170. 

 Engl.Bot.v. 10. £.659. Curt.Lond.fasc.4. t. 13. Hook. Scot. 49. 

 Fl. Dan. t. 447. 



S. n. 206. Hall. Hist. v. 1. 89. 



S. major communior, flore laciniato. Rail Syn. 191. 



S. major vulgaris. Ger. Em. 719./. 



Scabiosa. Fuchs. Hist. 716./ 



In cornfields and pastures. 



Perennial. July. 



Stem a yard high. Whole plant hairy ; reported to be sometimes 

 smooth, with all the leaves undivided, but this has not been seen 

 in England. The radical leaves are lanceolate, serrated, stalked j 

 the rest pinnatifid, the upper ones most deeply, and quite 

 sessile. Fl. large and handsome, of a fine pale purple j changing 

 to a most beautiful green if held for a few minutes over the 

 smoke of tobacco. Those of the disk are palest, or reddish, 

 nearly equal j those of the circumference large, unequal, with- 

 out perfect stamens. Seed-crown small, bristly. Sheep and goats 

 are said to eat this herb, but its bitter and nauseous flavour is 

 not agreeable to domestic cattle. 



3. S. columbaria. Small Scabious. 



Corolla in five unequal segments. Radical leaves ovate, or 

 lyrate, notched ; the rest pinnatifid, linear. 



S. columbaria. Linn. Sp. PL 143. Willd. v. 1. 552. Fl. Br. 171. 

 Engl.Bot.v.\9.t. \3\l. Hook. Scot. 50. Fl. Dan. t. 314. [but 

 this is rather S. gramuntia, according to Professor Bertoloni, 

 in his letter of May 4, 1827.] 



S. minor vulgaris. Raii Syn. 191. Bauh. Hist. v. 3. 3./. 4. 



S. minor, sive columbaria. Ger. Em. 719. f. 



S. minor. Camer. Epit. 711./. 



In pastures, and waste ground, on a chalky, limestone, or gravelly 

 soil. Rare in Scotland, and mountainous countries. 



Perennial. June — August. 



Root woody 5 bristly at the crown. Stem 12 to 18 inches high. 

 Leaves and flowers smaller and more delicate than in the last, 



o 2 



