210 TETRANDRIA— MONOGYNIA. Rubia. 



In rocky shady places, by rivers and lakes, in the north of England, 

 and in Scotland, not uncommon. 



Perennial. July. 



Root creeping, reddish, having the dyeing quality of Madder, but 

 in a slighter degree. Stems erect, square, roughish, 18 inches 

 high, with many shortish leafy branches. Leaves various in 

 breadth, the largest about an inch long, rough at the edges 

 only, with 3, sometimes 5, strong ribs ; the under side palest. 

 Fl. white, in numerous, compound, tufted panicles, having at 

 each division a pair of small, ovate leaves. Cor. scarcely pointed. 

 Fruit globose, of 2 kidney-shaped seeds, hoary with dense bristly 

 hairs, hooked at the ends. Some foreign specimens have nar- 

 rower leaves, as in J. Bauhin's figure, and shorter bristles on the 

 fruit, but there appears to be no specific difference. 



17. G. Aparine. Goose-grass, or Cleavers. 



Leaves eight in a whorl, lanceolate, keeled, rough, fringed 

 with reflexed prickles. Stem weak. Fruit bristly. 



G.Aparine. Linn. Sp. PL 157. mild.vA.597. FLBr.\80. Engl. 

 Bot.v.\2.t.8\6. Curt.Lond.fasc.2.t.9. Mart. Rust. t. 104. 

 Woodv. suppl. t. 269. Hook. Scot. 53. Fl. Dan. t. 495. Bull. 

 Fr. t. 315. Willem. Stell. 25. 



G. n. 723. Hall. Hist. v. 1. 318. 



Aparine. Raii Syn. 225. Ger. Em. 1 1 22./. Dod. Pempt. 353./. 

 Matth. Valgr. v. 2. 163. /.faulty. Camer. Epit. 557. f 



In hedges, every where. 



Annual. May — August. 



Root fibrous. Stem branched, brittle, supporting itself upon other 

 plants, often 3 or 4 feet long, the 4 angles beset with hooked 

 prickles, like those on the edges and keels of the leaves, by all 

 which the herb sticks to our hands and clothes, as well as to the 

 coats of animals, as do likewise the seeds. Fl. small, pale buff- 

 coloured, but few together, on lateral leafy stalks or branches. 

 Fruit a double globe, rough with minute short hooks. The ex- 

 pressed juice of the herb is reckoned antiscorbutic. The roasted 

 seeds are said to be no bad substitute for coffee, to which they 

 are botanically related j and if raised for a crop they might, 

 perhaps, have the additional recommendation, to some people, 

 of being very much dearer. 



This common Europsean plant has been found wild in the remote 

 country of Nepal, by the Hon. Captain Gardner, from whom 

 Dr. Wallich has sent us specimens. 



70. RUBIA. Madder. 

 Linn. Gen. 52. Juss. 197. Fl. Br. 181. Tourn. t.38. Lam. t. 60. 

 Nat. Ord. see n. 67. 



