TETRANDRIA— MONOGYNIA. Exacum. 211 



Cal. none, or very small, superior, with 4 teeth. Cor. mo- 

 nopetalous, bell-shaped, in 4 or 5 deep segments, without 

 a tube. Filam, from the base of the corolla, shorter than 

 its limb, awl-shaped. Anth. of 2 round cells. Germ, in- 

 ferior, of 2 round lobes. Style short, deeply cloven. Stigm. 

 capitate. Berry a smooth double globe. Seeds solitary, 

 roundish, with a central depression. The flowers have, in 

 some instances, five segments, and as many stamens. 



Habit like the last, but perennial, and sometimes shrubby, 

 as well as evergreen. Fl. yellowish. Fruit succulent, 

 black. 



1. R. peregrina. Wild Madder. 



Leaves four, or more, in a whorl, elliptical ; shining and 

 smooth on the upper side. Flowers five-cleft. 



R. peregrina. Linn. Sp. P/. 158. Willd. v. 1. 604. Fl. Br. 181. 

 Engl. Bot. v. 1 2. t. 85 1 . Cullum56. Huds. 65. Willem. Stell. 20. 



R. anglica. Huds. ed. 1. 54. 



R. tinctorum. With. 1 93. Hull35. 



R. sylvestris aspera, quae sylvestris Dioscoridis. Raii Syn. 223, 

 ed. 1.317. Moris, v. 3.326. sect. 9. t.2\.f.2. 



R. silvestre aspera. Zann. 1st. 1 67. t. 67. 



Wild Madder. Petiv. H. Br. t.30.f.3. 



In thickets, and on stony or sandy ground, in the west of Britain. 



On St. Vincent's rock, and in Devonshire. Ray. In Cornwall. 

 F. Borone. On Tunbridge rocks. Bishop of Carlisle ; not now 

 to be found there. Forst. Tonbr. 21 . Plentiful all over the 

 sandy islands on the west of Scotland. Dr. Mitchell. Linn. Cor- 

 resp. v. 2. 449. Yet this plant has escaped the notice of Light- 

 foot and Hooker. Not unfrequent in South Wales j and the 

 Rev. H. Davies found it on the sea coast of Anglesea, though 

 not common. 



Perennial. June — August. 



Root creeping, fleshy and tender, of a tawny red, useful in dyeing, 

 if not so good as the Cultivated Madder. Stem branched, spread- 

 ing, square, perennial and partly shrubby, its angles rough with 

 hooked prickles -, as are the edges and rib of the broad, shining, 

 dark, evergreen leaves. FT. yellowish green, in forked terminal 

 panicles. Cal. wanting. Cor. concave, but shallow. Germen 

 smooth. Berries juicy, in pairs, black and shining j one of them 

 often abortive. 



The late Mr. Davall ascertained Haller's n. 708 to be, not this 

 species, but R. tinctorum. 



71. EXACUM. Gentianella. 



Linn. Gen.57. Juss. 142. Fl. Br. 182. 



p 2 



