PENTANDRIA— MONOGYNIA. Echium. 269 



roundish, incumbent. Germ. 4, rounded. Style declining, 

 the length of the stamens, often hairy. Stigma deeply 

 cloven, acute. Seeds 4, wrinkled or rough, obliquely 

 pointed, attached to the base of the hardened, slightly 

 enlarged, calyx. 

 Herbaceous or shrubby, either bristly, or merely warty; in 

 some instances hairy, or silky. Leaves oblong. Spikes 

 in pairs, many-flowered ; either terminal and solitary, or 

 lateral and collected into long leafy clusters. Corolla blue, 

 red, or white ; generally large and handsome. 



1. E. vulgare. Common ViperVbugloss. 



Stem bristly and warty. Stem-leaves lanceolate, bristly, 

 single-ribbed. Spikes lateral, deflexed, hairy. 



E. vulgare. Linn. Sp. PL 200. mild. v. 1 . 787. FL Br. 222. Engl. 

 Bot. v. 3. t. 181. Mart. Rust. t. 136. Hook. Scot. 70. FL Dan. 

 f. 445. RaiiSyn.227. Ger. Em. 802. f. Bauh. Pin. 254. Clus. 

 Hist. v. 2. 143. Ehrh. PL Of. 392. 



Echium. Riv.Monop. Irr. t.7. Matth. Valgr. v. 2. 345./. Camer. 

 Epit. 737./. 



E. n.603. Hall. Hist. v. 1. 268. 



E. sive Buglossum sylvestre. Lob. Ic. 579./. 



Buglossa sylvestris. Brun/. Herb. v. 1. 111./. 



/3. Huds. 83. FL Br. 222. 



E. alterum, sive Lyeopsis anglica. Merr. Pin. 35. Dill, in Raii 

 Syn. 228. 



E. violaceum. With. 233 ? possibly o/ Linnaeus. 



Echii altera species. Dod. Pempt. 631./. 



Lyeopsis. Raii Syn. 227 . 



L. altera anglica. Lob. 7c. 579./. 



L. anglica. Ger. Em. 802./ 



In fields and waste ground, especially on a sandy or gravelly soil ; 

 as well as on old walls, and rubbish. 



Biennial. June, July. 



Whole herb very rough with prickly bristles arising from callous 

 points intermixed with smaller hairs. Stems one or more, 1 

 to 2 feet high, erect or spreading, simple, round, leafy. Leaves 

 alternate, lanceolate, single-ribbed, entire, dull green, tapering 

 at the base j the lowest stalked. Clusters terminal, leafy, com- 

 posed of numerous, axillary, stalked pairs of dense, reflexed, 

 hairy spikes, each of numerous, crowded, large, beautiful^owers,- 

 pink in the bud, then blue or purple, occasionally white. As 

 the seeds ripen, each spike becomes a spreading lax cluster, like 

 the figures indicated under our variety /3, all which seem to re- 

 present either the E. vulgare at an advanced period, or in a 

 dwarf and starved state. Yet some of these figures having been 



