PENTANDRIA— MONOGYNIA. Rhamnus. 329 



R. catharticus. Linn. Sp. PL279. Willd, v. 1. 1092. Fl. Br. 261. 

 Engl. Bot. v. 23. t. 1 629. Hook. Scot. 80. Woodv. Med. Bot. 

 £.114. Fl.Dan.t.S50. Raii Syn.466. Bauh.Pin.4J8. Dalech. 

 Hist. 145. /. 146. Ehrh. PL Off. 200. 



R. n. 824. Hall. Hist. v. 1 . 366. 



R. solutivus. Bod. Pempt. 756./. Ger. Em. 1337. /. 1, 2. 



Cervispina. Cord. Hist. 17 5. f. 



Spina infectoria. Matth. Valgr. v. 1. 143./. Camer. Epit. 82./. 

 Lob. lev. 2. 181./. 



In hedges, groves and thickets. 



Shrub. May. Fruit in September. 



Branches alternate, or nearly opposite, spreading, straight, round, 

 smooth, hard and rigid, each terminating in a strong thorn, af- 

 ter the first year. Leaves deciduous, bright green, smooth, 

 ribbed ; the young ones downy ; the earlier ones in tufts from 

 the flowering buds ; the rest opposite, on the young branches. 

 Footstalks downy. Stipulas linear. FL yellowish-green, on the 

 last year's branches, numerous j the fertile ones with narrow 

 petals, rudiments of stamens, and a deeply 4-cleft style; barren 

 ones with an abortive germen, and broader petals. Berries glo- 

 bular, blueish black, nauseous, violently purgative, with 4 cells, 

 and as many seeds; by which last character they are easily known, 

 by druggists, from the fruit of the following, which is supposed 

 to be less active. The unripe berries dye yellow. 



2. R. Frangula. Alder Buckthorn. Berry-bearing 



Alder. 

 Thorns none. Flowers all perfect. Style simple. Leaves 

 entire, smooth. Berry with two seeds. 



R. Frangula. Linn. Sp. PL 280. Willd. v. 1 . 1098. Fl. Br. 262. 

 Engl. Bot. v. 4. t. 250. Hook. Scot. 81. Fl. Dan. t. 278. 



R. n. 821. Hall. Hist. v.\. 365. 



Frangula. Dod. Pempt. 784. / Matth. Valgr. v. 2. 609./ Camer. 

 Epit. 978./ Duham. Arb. v. 1.245. t.\00. Dalech. Hist.200.f. 

 Raii Syn. 465. 



Alnus nigra, sive Frangula. Ger. Em. 1 470./ Dalech. Hist. 97./. 



In woods and thickets. Rather rare in Scotland. 



Shrub. May. Fruit in July. 



Stem 3 or 4 feet high, with numerous, alternate, leafy, round, 

 smooth, blackish branches. Leaves alternate, (not opposite,) 

 elliptical, or roundish, pointed, entire, deep green, with many 

 parallel transverse ribs. Footstalks downy, as well as the minute 

 stipulas. Fl. whitish, five-cleft, on simple, aggregate, axillary, 

 smooth sialics. Anthers purple. Style very short. Stigma ca- 

 pitate, cloven. Berries dark purple, each with 2 large seeds. 



