ENGLAND. 



Planting should occupy most of the forester's time during the open 

 weather of November. Place all smaller plants in position early in 

 the month, and remove larger ones as fast as the leaves fall. If dry 

 weather continues long after their removal, consolidate the soil round 

 them by treading or otherwise. In some cases it may even be neces- 

 sary to resort to watering ; but these are rare. In exposed situations 

 stake and tie larger trees, taking care that the bark is not injured 

 either by stake or string. 



Where drainage is necessary as a preparation for spring sowing in 

 the nursery, or planting in the woodlands, lose no time in getting it in 

 hand ; and do not hesitate to go down from three to four feet — the nearer 

 the latter depth the better. By the early removal of water the frosts 

 of winter will more completely pulverize the soil, and prepare it to 

 receive the benefits of the first warm showers in spring. 



When sales of coppicing come off early in the month much of the 

 underwood may be cut down in November, and the stools may be 

 dressed smoothly and evenly, so as to throw off water. The operation 

 of felling from stools should never be continued during the prevalence 

 of sharp frosts, as the result will be the loosening of the bark from the 

 wood, and the checking of adventitious buds m the following spring. Cut 

 low inall except very wet situations. The most numerous, straightest, 

 and best poles are produced by low cut stools. Cut off all brush and 

 small growths with the billhook, and use the cross-cut saw wherever 

 the poles are 5 or 6 inches in diameter, finishing up with the adze. 

 Before applying the saw cut through the bark all round the pole 

 with the handbill ; and to prevent any tearing of the bark from the 

 wood apply the saw a little above the cut so made. Direct all blows 

 upwards, and use good cutting tools. Heavy and very blunt tools 

 shake the roots and sever the smaller fibres. In making 1 he first cut- 

 ting from young plants great care is necessary, as their productiveness 

 will depend much upon the manner in which this is done. Where 

 the stools are allowed to rise several inches, or even feet, as they 



