422 The Journal of Forestry. 



chestnut, and ;isli, Avhere necessary, liemove asli of this age that do 

 not require cutting over, and put them in lines 3 feet distant, and 

 about 18 inches apart, after pruning them carefully. Take up layers 

 of lime tree and place them in rows, at intervals proportioned to 

 their sizes, bearing in mind that they should not again be removed 

 for three years. Plant cuttings of poplar about 18 inches in length, 

 taken from the last year's shoots, and leave them about 6 inches out of 

 the ground. The abele, which flourishes in swamps and on the margins 

 of streams, may be propagated from layers, cuttings, or suckers. 



Cut off the tap-roots of the small oaks standing in lines, with a 

 very sharp and oblique-pointed spade, which should be gradually 

 worked along tlie whole length of the rows, and a few inches beneath 

 the surface of the ground. By such means the production of fibrous 

 roots wall be promoted, and the chances of successful transplanting 

 increased. 



Transplant from the seed-bed larch which have stood one winter. 

 Where the object is to bring them forward very rapidly, they may be 

 removed to the lines the autumn after sowing. Scotch and spruce 

 will in all cases require one year more than the larch before they are 

 ready for their permanent positions. To prevent exposure of the 

 roots of seedlings and all very young plants during the operations of 

 sorting and carrying, immerse the roots and a few inches of the stem 

 in a puddle of clay and water. In throwing out the trenches, allow 

 the soil on the one side to remain unmoved, that it may form a firm 

 support to the transplants. All plants intended for removal should 

 be raised immediately the leaves fall off. This is also a good time to 

 cut off, at a distance of five or six inches from the ground, all young elms 

 which are intended to grow shoots for layering at the end of two years. 



riucldry, Kent. Alfred J. BuEiiows. 



SCOTLAND. 



Owing to the harvesting operations not being completed, hedge 

 trimming will have to be continued this month until all those around 

 arable fields are finished off. 



The farmer should be consulted in regard to'those fields that are 

 to be laid down in pasture, and the hedges enclosing such fields must 

 be very spa];ingly dealt with ; indeed, if they are thinly made up they 

 should be passed over altogether. Cattle and sheep seem to delight 

 in browsing on hedgerows, and as a rule keep them well enough 

 under witliout much aid from the knife. 



All the gaps in those hedges will have to lie fenced up likewise, as 



