392 



The yournal of Forestry. 



double and treble pay a woodward earus to stimulate to exertion, 

 aided by the indulgent toleration of bad work by the head forester, 

 a labourer cannot become a woodward without training in youth and 

 experience in age. 



The tools are few, but essentially effective for the purpose : — 

 a grass-hook, bill, light axe, heavy axe, hand-saw, fall saw (teeth 

 cutting only one way), cross-cut saw (teeth to cut both ways) 

 beetle, steel wedges, peeling-irons for barking, sleeve or mitten for left 

 hand and arm, rod pole for measuring work done and to be done, pieces 

 of sharpening stone, oil and wad for saws, and saw-set and files. 



The youngster is allowed to use the grass-hook, or any bill he 

 can borrow, pick out withes, and clear away a little " brash " ; but not 

 having the strength for very hard work, a good deal of his time is 

 devoted to fetching and carrying for the men. 



The grass-hook is mostly an old but sharp bagging-hook, i. c, with 

 a set-off or crank of an inch down from the handle to the blade ; this 



No. 1. 



No. 



crank carries the handle up from the line of the blade, so that the 

 knuckles of the user are out of the way of the ground and bushes. 



