The School of Forestry at Carlsruhe. 173 



the treatment of forests by sartage, by jardinage, by a tire ct aire' 

 by les comimrtcmcnts, or the FacMvcrhe Mdhodc of Germany ; in the 

 application of this to coppice wood, with a view to securing, along 

 with other advantages, a sustained production of wood ; and in the 

 application of it to timber forests, according as the object may be to 

 secure from these a maximum size of timber, or a maximum produce 

 ■of wood, or a maximum pecuniary return, along with natural repro- 

 duction, sustained production, and progressive improvement of the 

 woods ; and in measures to be employed in the conversion of coppice 

 wood into timber forest, of timber forest into coppice wood, of mixed 

 woods into either, and of either into mixed woods ; instruction 

 in regard to forest economy, forest legislation, and forest litera- 

 ture in Britain ; in France and in Germany, countries in 

 advance of all others in forest science, and in the practical appli- 

 cation of it to the management of forests ; in Eussia, where arrange- 

 ments are being made to introduce and to carry out extensively the 

 improved forest majiagement practised in Germany and in France ; 

 in Finland, where arrangements have been made to manage the 

 forests in accordance with the requirements of forest science ; in 

 Sweden, where the latest arrangements suggested by forest science 

 are being carried out with vigour ; in British Colonies ; in America ; 

 and in India, where have been introduced many of the suggestions of 

 modern forest science, and the forest economy practised on the continent 

 of Europe ; instruction in the meteorological effects of forests on moisture 

 on temperature, and on constituents of the atmosphere; in sylviculture, 

 as applied in Belgium, &c., to utilize waste lands, — in the Landes of 

 France, to arrest and utilize drift sands, — in the Alps, the Cevennes, 

 and the Pyrenees, to prevent the disastrous effects and consequences 

 of torrents, — on the Karst, in Illyria, to restore fertility to a land 

 rendered sterile by the destruction of trees, — in the United States of 

 America, to prevent anticipated evils, — in India, to secure desiderated 

 good, — in Britain, to produce -increased amenity, covert, and shelter ; 

 and instruction in the injurious effects of cattle, insects, and various 

 diseases on trees. 



Either in connection with economic botany, or in connection with 

 forest economy, might be communicated information in regard to the 

 preparation for sale of forest products, including the cutting up and 

 transport of wood ; in regard to the effects of pruning ; and in regard 

 to the collection of forest seeds, and the management of nurseries of 

 forest trees, 



Saturday might be reserved for field exercises and visits to woods, 

 nurseries, museums, botanic gardens, saw-mills, and manufactories ; 

 and vacations might be spent in practical work under master foresters 

 in various parts of the country, or in tours of observation in the 



