S2) 2 The Jownial of Forestry. 



The following is a list of tools and prices fiiraislied me by one of 

 the most expert and experienced woodwards in Hertfordshire : — 



s. d. s. d. 



Light bill 2 Beetle with iron rings on 2 6 



Heavy,, 2 G Short cross-cut saw ... 9 



Light axe Long saw, second-hand. 



Heavy „ 7 G bought of pit sawyer 10 G 



Mattock 3 G Mittens 3 6 



Bramble hook 1 8 Gloves 2 G 



Three wedges, the largest Sharpening stones 



notched to keep it from Kod-pole 



flying back G 



PRICES FOR FALLING AND TYING. 



The \voods are generally well known to the elder woodwards, who 

 may have done each previous cutting ten years before : this being the 

 term of interval in this and adjacent counties. The head woodward 

 begins a wood so that the run of the work shall be parallel with a ride, or 

 the side of the wood. The "view," as it is called, is opened 2i- rods 

 wide, and every 8 rods long is marked by leaving a few sticks uncut. 

 This clearing is called a "ringe," or " range," for which 2s. 6d. is paid. 

 In this "ringe" is taken down timber, if any, and the "firsts," "seconds," 

 and " thirds," as the tree growth of each ten years is termed. The "firsts " 

 are used for whipple-trees and way-trees ; " seconds " for cart 

 standards ; " thirds " for felloes, if of ash. The uses to which other 

 woods are applied will be explained further on. 



The poles, if made into hurdles, at 5s. Gd. per dozen, sell at l4s. per 

 dozen. Brushwood is made into fagots. To cut, trim, and tie 40 

 fagots and 40 round wood takes three men three hours nearly. 



The hazel are made into bundles and sold for thatching rods. 



The charge for chopping down trees is Gd. each : all trees more than 

 6 inches square are sawn down. Large trees cost 2s. Gd. to saw down, 

 and if 2 feet G inches square will take five men about one hour to saw 

 down. If 15 inches thick three men are nearly half an hour sawing it 

 down. This time includes clearing aw^iy and levelling ground for the 

 saw. 



The following is an account of a 10 acre fall : — 



Underwood fagots, 11,234, 2d. each 

 Poles made into hurdles 

 300 thatching rods, at 7d. bundle 

 l75 pea sticks, at 4d. „ 



Withs, 1G,000, Is. per hundred . • 



