FOODS ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 



457 



5 to G years yield milk ot" average quality. The author, however, does 

 not believe that results found with individual cows bear out this con- 

 clusion, and states that investigations of the records at the cooperative 

 creamery at Kildebriinde (Denmark) also fail to show any relation 

 between tlie yield of milk and its quality in case of single cows or 

 whole herds. 



The value of the successive generations for dairy puri)0ses was care- 

 fully studied from the data obtained, and the main results are embodied 

 in several tables in the original paper. The hereditary tendencies as 

 regards the fat content of tlie milk, in the author's opinion, seem less 

 pronounced than those relating to a large flow of milk. It is instruc- 

 tive to note that the cows which transmitted tlie milking qualities with 

 the greatest certainty were also ahead as regards the transmission of 

 richness of milk. 



The requisites, according to the author, for the improvement of herds 

 of milch cows are excellence as regards (1) yield of milk, (2) quality of 

 milk, (3) external appearance, (4) j)edigree. He proposes to give each 

 of these groups 4 points, and to express the value of a cow for breeding 

 purposes by summarizing the scorings on these several points. The 

 total score is to be copied in the record book, so as to indicate at a 

 glance the position of the cow in the herd. Only bulls whose dams 

 produced rich milk are to be used for the renewal of the herd. — F. w. 



WOLT.. 



Breed tests of dairy cows, G. Grotenfelt {Mustmla Agl. College 

 Rpt. 1892, pp. 30-i8). — The dairy herd of the agricultural college at 

 Mustiala (Finland) includes the following breeds and crosses: Ayr- 

 shire, Holstein, Ayrshire- Ilolsteiu, Angler, Ayrshire- Angler, Ayrshire- 

 Allgauer-Finnish, Ayrshire-Finnish, and natives. The average annual 

 yield of milk of each breed, the average live weight, and the milk 

 produced per 1,000 lbs. live weight are shown in the following table: 



Milk yield of breeds darincj 189i 



Breed. 



Ayrshire 



Holsteiu 



Angler 



Ayrsliire-Fimiish 



Ayr.sliire-Allgauer-Finnish. 



Ayi'shire-Holstein 



Ayrshire- Angler 



Natives 



Total 



Num- 

 her of 

 cows. 



Average 

 milk yield 

 per head. 



Pounds. 

 5,598 

 7,386 

 4,857 

 5, 598 

 5, l»i5 

 6,876 

 5, 534 

 4,445 



5,759 



Average 

 live weight. 



Milk pro- 

 duced iier 

 1,000 lbs. 

 live weight. 



Pounds. 



996.4 



1, 203. 2 



970.0 



921.6 



978.8 



1,119.6 



1,042.6 



(840. 2) 



' 1, 047 



Pounds. 

 5,616 

 6,095 

 5,006 

 6, 073 

 5,276 

 6.145 

 5, 308 

 (5, 290) 



,501 



' Natives not iucluded. 



The cows were divided into 5 classes as regards the amounts of con- 

 centrated feeds given. Class 1 received «>.<) to 8.4 lbs. ; class 2 about 5.5 

 lbs.; class 3 about 4.4 lbs.; class 4 about 2.2 lbs., and class 5 (dry cows) 



