80 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



Report on tuberculosis in Ontario, P. H. Bryce.— This report, 

 presented to the Provincial Board of Health of Ontario, Canada, con- 

 tains statistics regarding the prevalence of luiman and bovine tubercu- 

 losis in different parts of the workl with special reference to the Prov- 

 ince of Ontario, and a discussion of the methods by which infection 

 occurs, and of precautionary measures to prevent the spread of tuber- 

 culosis. Among- the conclusions drawn are the following: 



"In cattle, while the bacilli are probably always present in the milk when the 

 udder is tubercnlar, yet the bacilli may be present in the milk in a considerable per- 

 centage of cases where even post-mortem examination reveals no tnbercles of the 

 udder. . . . 



" [Natural] inoculation is dependent upon the extent aud frequency of the passage 

 of infective materials into either [the alimentary or respiratory] tract, and largely 

 upon the receptive condition of the mucous membrane in both cases. A healthy 

 mucous membrane offers much resistance to the passage of bacilli. . . . The great 

 proportion of cases of tuberculosis are the results of ai-'rial infection by way of the 

 resjiiratory tract. 



"While the great number of deaths from tuberculosis in children, as from iahes mes- 

 enterica, or consumption of the bowels, points to the probability of freciuent cases of 

 infection through milk and other food by way of the alimentary tract; yet the still 

 larger iiumberof cases of Inng tuberculosis in children, the relatively small number of 

 calves and young cattle infected with tuberculosis, and the comparatively few in- 

 stances of tuberculous cattle in which the intestines, mesentery, or other abdominal 

 organs are found on examination to be exclusively tubercular, point very strongly 

 to the conclusion that infection by way of the intestines is relatively seldom in 

 cattle, and that where it does take place in children it most probably is dependent on 

 the previously unhealthy and congested state of the mucous membrane of the walls 

 of the stomach and of the intestines." 



Practical results of inoculation against charbon and rouget in 

 France, 0. Chambkrland [Ann. Inst. Fa.steur, {1S!>4), Xo. ti, pp. 160- 

 1()5), — lieports on 1,788,077 sheep and 1:00,962 cattle inoculated for 

 charbon vshow that th.e losses resulting from this operation during the 

 first year amount to only 0.94 per cent with sheep, whereas before 

 inoculation the losses from charbon are estimated at 10 per cent. With 

 cattle the losses during the same time after inoculation averaged only 

 0.34 per cent, while the losses before vaccination amounted to 5 per 

 cent. 



Of 111,437 hogs inoculated against rouget the losses during the first 

 year resulting from the operation averaged 1.45 per cent, while before 

 inoculation the loss was 20 per cent. 



Investigations on the genus Actinomyces, G. Gasperini {Centhl. Balct. u. Par., 

 1.5 {1S94), No. IS, pp. 6S4-CS6). 



Recent investigations on the diagnostic and remedial value of mallein in 

 glanders, A. Boxome {Ceiithl. Jlakt. u. Far., 15 {1SD4), No. IS, pp.6S6, GS7). 



Tuberculosis in farm animals, P. A. Morkeberg {CopenhcKjen: 1S94). 



The diagnosis of tuberculosis, 8. Bekkhkim {Ahs. in Ceuthl. Bakt. n. Par., 15 

 {1894), No. 17, pp 65.5-666). 



Tests of cattle -with tuberculin, Nocard {Anv. (VL'ijfj. puhlique, 1S94, Jan., p. 21; 

 (J&9, in Milch. Ztg., S3 {1S94), No. 31, p. 3.13). 



