ENTOMOLOGY. 63 



caliginosellus), dried crambus (C. interminelhis), dark-siiotted crambus 

 (C mutahilis), blue-grass worm [C. teterrcUus), rustic crauibus (0. 

 ruricolcUus), vagabond crambus (C. vnlgivngellns),. Leach crambus 

 (C. Ze«cAe/Z«s), yellow-striped crambus (C. giradellus), pretty crambus 

 {C. elegans), unmarked crambus {C. innotatelliis), garden crambus ( C 

 topiarms), white crambus {C. alhellus), white-striped crambus {C. 

 alboclavetlus), flowery crambus (C'.^o?•^V7^^5), and paneled crambus (C. 

 laqueateUus). The larvie are preyed u^jou by a number of insects, 

 particularly carabids and ants, and by such true parasites as Lampro- 

 natafrigida, Cryptus mundus, PcrUumpus violaceous, and a species ot 

 Tacliina. 



The relationships were traced by means of the wings and genitals, 

 which are figured in the plates, as also eggs of some of the species. 



Additions to the knowledge of the morphology, biology, and 

 pathology of the Nonne moth (Psilura monacha), and experiments 

 with methods for destroying the caterpillars, F. A. Waciitl and K. 

 IvOKNAUTH (il/i<^. Vev. Ford. Jandic. Versuchw. Oesterr., 1893, No. 16,pp. 

 38, ph. 3, Jigs. 8). — This recounts a series of investigations on means of 

 checking the destruction of pine forests by this insect. The rapid spread- 

 ing of the devastations is partly due to the peculiar anatomy of the newly 

 hatched larva;, which are covered with long barbed hairs, intermingled 

 with shorter ones bearing spherical enlargements containing air and 

 serving as little balloons to farther buoy up the already light caterpil- 

 lars, so that they are floated on the wind for long distances. 



Panthea ccenihita is figured for comparison, as it has been confused 

 with lighter individuals of theadult moth, but hot dry weather tended 

 to produce melanism in the Nonne, when it could be easily distin- 

 guished. 



Many Diptera and Hymenoptera were found to be parasitic on the 

 Nonne in varying numbers, but not so abundantly as to materially 

 decrease the caterpillars. 



In the aj)plication of a iiatent insect lime toward preventing the 

 invasion of the older caterpillars, which at times drop from the trees to 

 the ground and proceed to fresh localities, it was found that though they 

 were able to crawl over a baud of the lime on a horizontal surface, they 

 were checked Avhen the band was in a vertical plane. Trees can then 

 be protected by painting a ring of the lime around their trunks, and 

 even forests to some extent by setting narrow planks on edge around 

 them and coating the outside with lime, or possibly by felhug small 

 trees, laying them end to end, and smearing the lime along their sides. 



Bacterium monaclue i^roved quite destructive in some places, but 

 could not be induced to grow in tube cultures, so that efibrts to trans- 

 port it for distant inoculation were unsuccessful. 



Experiments with various insecticides showed that antinonnin (Ortlio- 

 dinitro-kresol-kalium) was efl'ective on single trees in solutions 

 of 1 i)art by weight to 450 or 500 parts of water, but would hardly be 



