540 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



-uiieat was cut in bloom the yield was 0.0 lb, per plat; when in the 

 milk stage, 13.8 lbs.; when in the early dough stage, 49.2 lbs.; when in 

 full dough, 71.72 lbs.; when the grain was dry to the center, 97.5 lbs.; 

 when hard to the center, 85 lbs.; when ripe, 78.7 lbs.; and when over- 

 ripe, G(!.4 lbs. The iieavy loss after the time when the grain was dry to 

 the center is attributed in part to injury from wind. 



Experiments in plowing, J. W. Sanborn ( Utah Sta. Rpt. 1893, 

 pp. 107-123). 



Synopsis. — These consisted of tests of (1) the width of furrow, the result slightly 

 favoring wide furrows; (2) depth of plowing, in which the difl'erences iu crop 

 from different depths of plowing were very slight; and (3) time of jilowing, in 

 which the results were inconclusive. 



The yield of wheat when the furrows were 10 in. wide ^-as 10.2 bu* 

 per acre; 12 in. wide, 15 bu. ; and 8 iu. wide, 15.5 bu. The total yields 

 of grain and straw for plats plowed with furrows 10, 12, and 8 in. were, 

 respectively, 2,517 lbs., 2,245 lbs., and 1,981 lbs per acre. The percent- 

 ages of moisture in plats pre])ared with different widths of furrow are 

 tabulated. The average i)ercentage of moisture when the furrows were 

 10 in. wide was 5.85, when 8 in. wide, 5.09. 



Plats on which wheat was sown were plowed to depths of 4, 0, 8, and 

 10 in. or left uuplowed. The yields were as follows: Xot plowed, 8.21 

 bu. per acre; plowed 4 in. deep, 13.5 bu, ; plowed in. deep, 13.30 bu.; 

 plowed 8 in. deep, 14.30 bu., and plowed 10 in. deep, 13 bu. 



The temperature of the soil and moisture content at depths of 4, 0, 

 8, 10, and 12 in. are tabulated. "The temperature does not apjjear to 

 be materially varied until we reach a depth of 10 in. The fluctuations 

 in temperature when taken at various depths seemed to reveal no broad 

 law. It would appear, however, by the table that verj' deep cultiva- 

 tion tends to increase the temperature of the soil." The ditt'ereuces in 

 percentages of moisture on the several plats were slight. 



Plowing at different dates in fall and spring gave inconclusive results. 

 The temperature and moisture content of the plats prepared at differ- 

 ent dates are tabulated. 



Methods of harrowing for small grain, J. W. Sanborn ( Utah Sta. 

 Upt. 1893, pp. 123-129). — The yields of barley, oats, and wheat on plats 

 either not plowed but harrowed, or after plowing cultivated with differ- 

 ent degrees of thoroughness and with different harrows are tabulated. 



"No harrowing at all proved equal to excessive harrowing, while 

 idowing and merely dragging the soil level resulted as favorably as 

 not harrowing. The square toothed harrow gave results slightly above 

 the average. . . . Where there was excessive harrowing there was the 

 largest ratio of straw to grain." The soil was a sandy loam. Soil 

 temperatures and the percentages of moisture for the different plats 

 are tabulated. The variations in the temperature on different plats 

 were slight. " Excessive harrowing seems to have depressed the amount 

 of water." 



