DISEASES OF PLANTS. 231 



always hyaline, ordinarily 8 to 10 // in lenatli. The number of spores 

 varies from 2 to 9 to eacli basic! ium, being most numerous on the ter- 

 minal ones. 



The spores are hyaUne, straight or slightly arched, ovoid or cylindri- 

 cal, attenuate at the ends. Their form and size vary greatly, being 

 from 4 to 6.5 /< to 12 to 10 f.i in length. By tlie formation of vacuoles the 

 plasma is separated into several masses, but true walls are not formed 

 to make tlie spore multicellular. The extremities of the spores show 

 buds which sometimes become i)roliferous, giving it the appearance of 

 a short chain. 



The authors think from the above description there are no differences 

 which warrant the erection of the genus Aureobasidium by Viala and 

 Boyer, but that it is a true Exobasidium. 



On the other hand, Yialaand Boyer [Conipt. Bend., 119 {1891), No. 3, 

 pp.248, 249) agree witli the authors in their characterization of the fun- 

 gus, but maintain that the fungus belongs to the Hypochnacecc and 

 should bear the name Aureobasidium vitis, as given it by them in 1891. 

 They further report having found the fungus on the leaves and already 

 announced it [Rev, Vit., 1891, June 30, p. GS4). 



It produces the scald on the leaves in May and June, and attacks 

 the fruit in autumn. 



The exact amount of destruction caused by this comparatively new 

 parasite is not yet known, although in some regions it is reported as 

 very destructive. Treatment with copper compounds has not arrested 

 the disease, but this may have been due to too late applications. 



A. Renault {Compt. Rend., 119 [1894), ^0.3, pp. 247, 248) states that 

 one of the principal sources of contamination lies in the prevailing cus- 

 tom of tying the shoots together in order to prevent their being broken 

 by the winds, and thus presenting at the point of tying a favorable 

 location for the development of the fungus. He shows that in one case 

 where part of the shoots of a vine were tied together and the remain- 

 ing part left free, the shoots of the tied portion were affected by the 

 disease while the others were perfectly free from it. He recommends 

 as a j)reventive measure the wiring of the shoots to some strong 

 support. 



Bacteriosis of grapes, L. Macoiiiati {Ber. Internat. Vit. et (EnoJ., 1 

 {1894), No. 3, pp. 98-109; 4, pp. 129-130', ph. ^'').— In 1891, in northern 

 Italy, shortly after the flowering period, the grapes were noticed to be 

 drying up with great rapidity, without showing any of the symptoms 

 of ordinary diseases. When examined they showed no trcice of fungus 

 or animal parasite, nor did there seem to be any lack of nutrition in the 

 plant. 



By continued observation the author finally discovered that the dis- 

 ease was due to a bacillus. Since the first discovery of the disease it 

 has been reported from many widely scattered districts. In some cases 

 the crop was a total failure ; in others, the loss was from 00 to 80 per cent. 



