DISEASES OF PLANTS. 303 



apple tree given 5 sprayings of Bordeaux mixture gave 89 j)er cent of 

 lirst-class and 11 per cent of scabbed fruit, as compared with 77 per 

 ceut of first-class and 23 per cent of scabbed from check not sprayed. 

 A Flemish Beauty pear tree was given 6 sprayings, and 98 per cent of 

 the fruit was practically free from scab as compared with 17 per cent 

 from the check tree. In 1893 experiments were conducted on Sheldon 

 pear trees, to which 1 applications were given, and the fruit when gath- 

 ered gave 88 per cent practically free from scab as compared with 38 per 

 cent from the check. A Flemish Beauty pear tree was sprayed with 

 4 applications of Bordeaux mixture and gave 96 per cent of first-class 

 fruit as compared with from 10 to 15 per cent for the unsprayed trees. 

 Another Flemish Beauty tree given 4 applications of Bordeaux mixture 

 of a much more dilute solution gave 63 per cent free from scab. A tree 

 of Louise Bonne was sprayed with ammoniacal copper carbonate and 

 gave 97 per cent of first quality fruit. All these experiments tended 

 to show the advantage to be derived from the application of fungicides. 



The pectic disease of grapes, C. Sauvageau and J. Perraud 

 (/I'er. Tnternat. Tit. et (EnoL, 1(1894), No. 7, ^p.5ii-^.56)).— During the past 

 year there appeared in the vineyards of Beaujolais an apparently new 

 and very destructive disease, to which the authors give the name 

 ^'■maladie pectiqiie.'^ Its first appearance was noticed May 15, and it 

 was soon afterwards rei)orted from 10 or more adjacent communes. 

 By some it is thought to be the same as rougeot, and while it does 

 resemble that disease in its early stages, it soon becomes sufficiently 

 distinct to be distiriguished from it. The authors claim that nearly 

 everything resulting in a reddish discoloration of the leaf, whether of 

 a physiological nature or due to other causes, has been wrongly called 

 rongeot. The pectic disease is of physiological origin, and while resem- 

 bling rougeot at first, soon loses the marks of resemblance, and may be 

 easily recognized. Eougeot attacks the leaves indiscriminately, while 

 this disease is confined to the lower leaves. These leaves show scat- 

 tered over tlieirsurfaces small discolored areas which gradually become 

 wine red and spread irregularly, involving more or less of the leaf. 

 The spots begin to form between the veins and by coalescence soon a 

 somber red color covers a large part of the leaf. So far there is little 

 difference in appearance on the leaves of the two diseases, but in the 

 pectic disease the red border of the blade of the leaf takes on the color 

 of a dead leaf, becomes wrinkled, and dries up. About this time the 

 blade of the leaf falls from the petiole before it is entirely dead. The 

 red color is to be found only in vines bearing red fruits ; on the white- 

 fruited vines the color assumed by the leaves is a yellowish one. 



Ordinarily only about the 4 lower leaves of the shoots are attacked, 

 sometimes only 3 and sometimes 5 or 6, but verj' rarely more than this 

 last number. The middle and upper ones remain sound, and the veg- 

 etation is checked but not wholly stopped. The flowers and newly 

 forming fruit are likewise subject to the disease, turning brown and 



