FOODS — ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 319 



The present experiment was with 2 grade Shorthorn yearling steers 

 weighing about GOO lbs. each, and lasted from December 1, 1801, to 

 February 28, 1803. It was divided into ."> parts — the first winter and 

 spring, the summer feeding, and the second winter feeding. The steers 

 were quite thin when received, and cost 3.^ cts. per pound live weight. 



First u-lnter and .spring feeding (pp. 58-64). — In this period (Decem- 

 ber 1, 1801, to June 12, 1802) there was fed 3 lbs. of wheat bran with 

 either 3 lbs. of Chicago maize feed or 3 lbs. of Buffalo gluten feed, and 

 hay with turnips, mangel-wurzels, or sugar beets, or corn silage, corn 

 stover, or rye fodder (green). The nutritive ratio rauiied from 1 : 5.4 

 to 1:3.0. The data as to gain in weight, food consumed, and total 

 and net cost of the food are tabulated. In calculating the net cost it 

 is assumed that 02 per cent of the fertilizing ingredients in the food is 

 recovered in the manure. During the period steer 1 gained 207 lbs. 

 and steer 2 271 lbs., or a daily average of 1.52 lbs. for No. 1 and 1.30 

 lbs. for ISIo. 2, which was not sufficient in either case to repay the total 

 cost of the food, although nearly sufficient to cover its net cost. 



"The larger the ainouiit of hay fed the higher the cost of the daily ration. [Hay 

 rated at $15 per ton.] In this experiment, however, a moderate amoiuit of liny in 

 combination -with roots and grains has produced beef at a fairly low price. Ration 

 3, consisting of silage and grain, has also given very favorable results. In the latter 

 case the total cost of feed per pound of live weight gained was 6.35 cts. and the net 

 cost 3.38 cts." 



Autumn and seeond winter feeding (pp. 05-70). — The time covered by 

 this period was from September 5, 1802, to February 28, 1803. At the 

 beginning of the period the steers weighed 1,000 and 1,100 lbs., respec- 

 tively. A grain ration of 3 to 4 lbs. each of wheat bran and Buffalo 

 gluten feed was fed. The coarse fodder consisted of green fodder corn 

 and serradella, corn stover, and corn-aud-soja-beau silage. The nutri- 

 tive ratio ranged from 1 : 5.8 to ] : 8.7. The data are tabulated as for the 

 previous period, including analyses of the feeding stuffs used with refer- 

 ence to both food and fertilizing ingredients. Steer 1 made an average 

 daily gain of 1.6 lbs. and steer 2 1.78 lbs. It will be noticed that these 

 gains are considerably better than during the first winter feeding. The 

 total cost of food per pound of gain ranged from 7.37 to 0.6 cts., and the 

 net cost from 3.25 to 3.93 cts. 



"It again appears that the gain in live weight about covers the net cost of the 

 food consumed. . . . While the growth was ranch slower when the animals were fed 

 corn stover, yet, because of its comparative cheapness and manurial value, the net 

 cost of beef produced was fairly low. 



"Ration 4, consisting of grain and corn-and-sqja-bean silage, also gave very favor- 

 able results, producing beef at a net cost of 3.25 cts. per pound." 



Summer soiling vs. j)asturage (pp. 73-76). — The interval between the 

 2 periods mentioned above was devoted to soiling in the barn, the 

 steers being turned into the barnyard during the day. A mixture of 

 e(iual parts of wheat bran and Buffalo gluten feed was fed. The coarse 



