322 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



percentage in the cbea]>er cnts than the steers. The difference amounts to 1 per cent 

 more loin -weight antl 0.8 ])er cent more rib in the spayed heifers than in the steers. 

 Tlie ojion lieilcrs are also better in these parts than the steers, although the advan- 

 tage is not quite so marked." 



Crediting each lot with the actual value of the different cuts and the 

 by-products, and not includiiii;- the expense of killing and handling, it 

 is calculated that at tlie prices which the butcher paid he made 8-0.45 

 on the steers, $5S.1U on the unspayed heifers, and $04,84 on the spayed. 



"In other words, the returns made by the heifers woukl have justified a purchase 

 price of $5.37 per cwt. for the spayed heifers and $.5.32 for the open heifers, instead 

 of $1.7.5 for each, and still have left the same margin of profit as in the steers. It is 

 clear, then, that the difiterence in value of the steers and heifers was only about 40 

 cts. per cwt. live weight, instead of $1 per cwt. made by the buyers. This is esti- 

 mated on the basis of the prices put upon the meat products as shown in the record 

 of the block test, viz, a difference of li cts. per pound on the rib, loin, and plate 

 cuts, and i ct. on the rounds and flanks, in favor of the steers." 



The opinions of butchers in this country and in England on the dif- 

 ference in value of steer and heifer beef, and the reasons for this differ- 

 ence are collated. 



"The rib and loin cuts of the steers were valued 1^ cts. a pound above those of 

 the heifers by Chicago meat dealers, while English authorities estimated the value 

 of heifer ril) and loin cuts 2 cts. per pound above those of steers fattened in the 

 same manner." 



Fifteen shotes allowed to run in the yard and stable with the steers 

 and heifers ate 282 lbs. of ear corn and gained 4,005 lbs. They brought 

 4.5 cts. per pound, giving a profit above the cost of the corn of $118.15. 



"The profit from the hogs is equal to $7.87 for each of the cattle, and without it 

 \\i' would have fed at little profit, as far as the heifers are concerned." 



Experiments with calves, J. B. Lindsey {Massachusetts State Sta. 

 Rpt. .7.S.V.V, pp. l:>r,-lir>). 



SynopHin.— Seven calves were fed until 8 to 11 weeks old on skim milk alone or 

 with a little grain. They made an average gain of 1.49 lbs. per day. There 

 was obtained per quart for skim milk 0.64 ct. with veal at 4 cts., and 0.76 ct. 

 •with veal at 4A cts. a pound. These amounts are compared with the returns for 

 skim milk fed to jugs. 



To ascertain the amount that can be realized from feeding skim milk 

 to young calves, 7 calves 2 or 3 days old at the beginning of the trial 

 were used. At first the calves were fed a mixture of whole milk and 

 skim milk, but after a week or 10 days this was replaced by a ration of 

 skim milk, either alone or with a little grain. The grain was fed dry 

 with one exception, and ad libitum. It consisted of corn meal and mix- 

 tures of ecpml parts of Buffalo gluten feed and old process linseed meal, 

 of wheat flour and old-process linseed meal, and of Buffalo gluten feed 

 and wheat middlings. 



Beginning with ] lb. per day of grain the calves consumed as high as 

 1 lb. per day by the time they were 8 weeks old. These calves drank 

 10 or 12 qt. of skim milk per day in addition to the gram. The calves 

 receiving skim milk almost exclusively drank about 6 qt. per day at 



