FOODS — ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 331 



The food value of fruits, .1. F. Kennedy (Trans. loiva Hort. Soc, 28 (1S93), pp. 

 110-121). — A poi»ular psiper on the subject, discussing in a general way the composi- 

 tion of fruits and their digestive and nutritive value. Fruits are separated into the 

 natural divisions of druiiaccous, pomaceous, baccate, etc., and are compared with 

 other foods. They are advised to be eaten fresh, either raw or cooked. Dried or 

 canned fruits are also advocated. While less nutritions than some other foods, 

 their wholesomeness is asserted. 



Suggestions regarding the cooking of food, E. Atkinson {U. S. iJcpt. Agr., 

 1SD4). — This bulletin is devoted to a discussiou of the usual practice of cooking, the 

 waste of heat ami of material, the proper method of cooking food, and a description of 

 the Aladdin oven. It contains introductory statements by Ellen H. Richards on the 

 nutritive value of common food materials, the compounding of dietaries, etc. 



On extraneouo nriiieral matter in commercial ginger, A. H. Allen (Analyst, 19 

 (1SD4), Oct., pp. 20:-2.'0). 



Ttvo disputed cases of adulteration (milk and coffee), E. G. Clayton (Analyst, 

 19 (1894), Oct., pp. 2 JO, 2U.) 



Extracts from the evidence given before the select committee on food prod- 

 ucts adulteration on July 11, 18. and 25 (Analyst, 19 (1894), Sept., pp. 208-21-5 ; 

 Oct., pp. 225-231). — Evidence relating to milk, milk standards, and decomposed milk. 



Miscellaneous fodder analyses (Mussdchusetts State Sta. Rpt. 1893, pp. 326-330). — 

 Analyses are given of corn silage, oat-and-pea silage, silage from Fanicum miliaceiim 

 and from V. cnis-galli, green millet, soja bean, soja-beau straw, soja-bean meal, 

 cotton-seed meal, cottonseed hulls, ground oats, wheat bran, dried brewers' grains, 

 new-Tirocess linseed meal, Richardson's glucose feed, glucose refuse, starch feed, rye 

 feed, oat feed, proteiua, Excelsior feed, cooked feed (oats and corn), gluten feed, 

 gluten meal, pea bran, rice bran, wheat bran, oatmeal and barley refuse, Japanese 

 radish, and cranberries. 



Compilation of analyses of fodder articles, fruits, sugar-producing plants, 

 dairy products, etc., C. S. CuoCKEri (Massaclinsetts State Sta. Rpt. 1893, pp. 347- 

 378). — This is a compilation of analyses made under the direction of C. A. Goessmann 

 from 1868 to 1894. 



Tables of the digestibility of American feeding stuffs, J. B. Lindsey (Massa- 

 chusetts State Sta. l!pt. 1893, pp. 379-389). — This is a compilation of the digestion 

 experiments made in the United States with ruminants and with swine, showing in 

 each case the maximuin, minimum, and average coefiticients obtained. 



Feeding sugar-beet leaves, Zcntz (Ztschr. Zuckerind., 44 (1894), p. 506; abs. in 

 Chem. Ztg., 18 (1894), No. 70, Eepcrt., p. 214). — In spite of the poisonous action of 

 oxalic acid and its neutral salts, rations of 10 kg. of sugar-beet leaves, which may 

 contain 100 gm. of oxalic acid, are fed in practice without apparent injury. This 

 the author explains on the ground that about half the oxalic acid in the leaves 

 exists as lime salts, which, although dissolved in the stomach, appear not to be 

 resorbed; and that it has long 1)eeu customary to feed large amounts of calcium car- 

 bonate with the leaves, which neutralizes the acid. He recommends following the 

 old practice of mixing the tops with lime and ensiling them. 



Use of molasses for feeding, Hollkung (Ztschr. Zuclerind., 44 (1894), p. 580; abs. 

 in Chem. Ztg., 18 (1894), No. 70, Eepert.,p. 214). — The author holds the utilization of 

 molasses in making " molasses feed " (E. S. R., 4, pp. 452, 620) to be advisable, and 

 recommends that sugar factories take up the matter. The best results are obtaiued 

 when hot molasses (70 to 7.5° R.) is mixed with an equal weight of freshly ground 

 palm-nut cake. The mixture can be sacked and used immediately. Animals must 

 be accustomed to the food gradually, but when the feeding is properly carried on 

 very favorable results are said to follow, even with milch cows. 



The effect of the sun's rays on the breaking down of material in the body, 

 the production of heat, and the excretion of w^atery vapor by animals, M. Rub- 

 nek and E. Ckamer (Arch. Hyg., 20, No. 4, pp. 345-364). 



