VETERINARY SCIENCE. 333 



"(6) The amount of tuberculosis increases regularly with the age of the victim. 



"(7) There is little ditterence between the diiferent breeds of high-bred cattle so 

 far as their susceptibility to tuberculosis goes; but grades, crosses, and especially 

 'native' cattle appear somewhat less subject to its development. 



"(8) The total reaction tends to be greater in cases of slight than in cases of well- 

 developed tubercle. 



"(9) The normal temperatures of young animals range higher than those of the 

 older ones. 



"(10) While the diagnosis of tubercle from physical examination is dependent on the 

 presence of tubercle in the lungs, there is no certainty that even well-advanced cases 

 can be thus discovered, nor does it necessarily follow that all suspected tuberculous 

 animals have lesions of the lungs. In the absence of lung lesions, however, the 

 chance of discovery of advanced cases of this disease by physical means Is but slight. 

 It also happens that a numl)er of cows not suffering from tubercle are usually 

 included as 'suspected' by this sort of diagnosis. Certainly at least twice as great 

 accuracy in discovering tuberculous cattle results from the use of Koch's lymph as 

 from all other means combined. 



■'(11) Slight cases of reaction may occur later than 15 hours after injection; and, 

 to be certain that all cases have been given a chance to make a record, the observa- 

 tions following injection should be continued for 21 hours at least. 



"(12) If the object of injection be to eradicate the disease utterly from a herd, the 

 reacting cases should be arranged in the order of the certainty of the reaction (in a 

 few cases it Avill be needful to continue the temperature observations for several days 

 to gain a knowledge of the probable 'normal' ) and killed seriatim until among the 

 doubtful cases there occur at least 2 in immediate succession Avhich are adjudged 

 sound after extremely thorough examination of all lymphatic structures and places 

 where connective tissue abounds. Then the premises should be thoroughly cleaned 

 and disinfected, and no new animals admitted until they have passed the ' test.' 

 Finally, to keep the herd ' clean ' the animals should be tested annually or bienni- 

 ally. . . . 



"The highest expected [normal] temperature for any period does not exceed 102.6° 

 nor fall below 100. 2-, and between these points is roughly 1"^ above the initial 

 evening temperature. Especially in the morning is a rise of more than a degree 

 above the initial evening temperature (between 100^ and 102.6°) to be looked at 

 with suspicion if injection has taken place.'' 



Tuberculosis and the tuberculin test, H. L. Russell ( Wisconsin 

 tita. Bid. iO,pp. -17). — A geueral discussion of tuberculosis and of tuber- 

 culin, directions for using tuberculin, a comparison of 2 brands of tuber- 

 culin, and a detailed record of tlie tuberculin test made on 30 head of 

 cattle, and autopsy notes on the animals slaughtered. One of the prepa- 

 rations used was made by Dr. Libbertz, of Berlin; the other, by the 

 Eureau of Animal Industry of this Department. For comparison 18 

 animals were selected, 9 being inoculated with each brand ; 7 weeks later 

 all were inoculated again, those which had iirst been treated with the 

 domestic tuberculin now receiving the imported lymph, while those first 

 inoculated with imported tuberculin were inoculated with the domestic 

 article. In several instances animals that had reacted on the first injec- 

 tion with the Department tuberculin failed to react when 7 weeks 

 later they were inoculated with the Imported article. This the author 

 believes to have been due to the smaller quantity of the foreign tuber- 

 culin employed at the time when the herd was tested for the second 

 time. The diagnoses based on results of the injection of domestic tuber- 

 culin were confirmed by autopsies in 14 out of 15 cases, or 93 per cent. 



