DAIRYING. 



335 



its use.' The effort which is gradually bein^i' made to rid the country of 

 gianders has placed in the hands of nnmy a reliable sterilized ]irepa- 

 ration of niallein manufactured in the biochemic laboratory of the 

 Bureau of Animal Industry of this r)e])artinent, which may be used in 

 treating- glanders iu num. — i:. A, dk s<'iiwei>'itz. 



The coTv in relation to public health, E. P. Xiles (Vivf/inia Sta. Bui. 3:2, pp. 

 121-12G). — A discussion of the sanitary conditions under which cattle are most 

 apt to contract disease, witli special precautious for preventing- the spread of tnher- 

 culosis and typhoid fever through the milk. 



Actinomyces gruberi, n. sp., C. Terxi (Ceiitbl. Bakl. und. Far., 16 {1S94), No. Sand 

 9, pp. 362, 363). — A new species of actiuomyces found by the author iu soil. 



Concerning a strongylus (Sclerostoniuni pinguicola) in the kidney of pigsi 

 P. S. DE Magalhaes (CcnfhL Bait, und Par., H! (1804), Xo. 7, pp. 293-297, fig. 1). 



Poisonous fodder plants, J. K. .Jackson {Sci. Amcr. Sappl., 3S {1S04), Xo.97S). — 

 Poisonous properties of Lafhiiriis satints, Sophora secundifoUa, Gastrololium sp., 

 TephruHui sp., Sicdiisoiiia sp., Eupltorhhi dnnnmondt, and other plants. 



DAIRYING. 



Concerning citric acid and phosphate of lime in solution in 

 milk, L. Vaudin {Ann. Inst. Pasteur., s {1S94), Ko. 7, pp. rj0;2-505). — 

 From the milk of a cow the author obtained orthorhombic crystals 

 having- the same elementary composition as citric acid. In solution 

 they exerted no influence on polarized light. The point of fusion of the 

 acid found was 147° C, approximately that of citric acid. The reactions 

 of the salts of the acid found were those of citrates. From experiments 

 made on milk and on artificial solutions containing citric acid and phos- 

 l)hate, the author concludes that citiic acid in the form of an alkaline 

 salt contained in milk is to a large extent the agency by which phos- 

 phate of lime is held iu solution, and that the citrates and alkaline 

 phosphates and the dissolved phosphate of lime exist in milk m pro- 

 portions relatively definite. 



According to the author, a liter of cows' milk contains 1.5 gm. and a 

 liter of mares' milk 0.00 to 0.08 gm. of citric acid. 



The chemical composition of cows' colostrum, L. Vaudin {Bid. 

 Soe. Cliim. P((ris^ 11-1:2 {IS'Jl)^ No. 13., pp. G2o-(}:2'j). — Analyses are given 

 of colostrum taken on the evening before calving, immediately after 

 calving, and 5 days after calving, as follows: 



AnaJyucs of colostrum. 



"Extract' at 95° C. (solids?) 



Fat 



M ilk sugar '. 



S<'hible ash 



Insoluble asli 



Calcium phosphate 



Pniteids 



Acidity per liter ( Pj O5) 



Evening 

 before 

 calving. 



27. 615 



1.300 



1.520 



.278 



.809 



. 022 



23. 705 



;i. 480 



Immediately after calving. 



12 



24.49 



0.82 



2.17 



.25 



.84 



.63 



14.91 



2.72 



112 



27. 356 



3.840 



2.366 



.220 



.830 



.660 



20. 100 



3.360 



III 2 



22. 470 



1.360 



1.023 



.271 



.791 



. 605 



19. 025 



2.640 



IV-' 



24.17 

 2. 42 



2.86 

 .19 



1.02 



.87 



17.68 



2.80 



I'-ive days 



after 

 calving. 



14.37 



5.18 



4.07 



.26 



.51 



.38 



4.35 



1.60 



' U. S. Dept. Agr., Ept. of Secretarj for 1892, p. 119. 



'^ Preaumablj- different cows. 



