734 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



weaken the vine and may to some extent cansc shelling. Too much 

 wood, due to improper projiortion of tlic elements required for the plant, 

 especially a superabundance of nitrogen, seems to increase the amount 

 of shelling. The kind of soil, not considering the food supply it con- 

 tains, appears to have no effect, but too much cultivation, by hberating 

 the nitrogenous compounds, aggravates the trouble. Excessive drought 

 and rains influence the amount of disease to some extent. A weak root 

 system has the same effect as overbearing. The disease has been 

 checked by applications of barnyard manure. A lack of phosphoric 

 acid has no effect. In most cases the j)lants seem to be suffering from 

 a lack of potash, and applications of that fertilizer have been followed 

 by a decrease or disappearance of the disease. Excessive heat and 

 warm winds, by inducing rapid growth, increase shelling, while cool 

 winds or weather checks it. From reports received from quite a num- 

 ber of vineyardists the application of potash to the vines checked 

 shelling, and based on only one year's experience this treatment is 

 recommended. 



Powdery mildew (p. 441). — This disease prevailed to a considerable 

 extent during 1894 in the Chautauqua vineyards. The application of 

 Bordeaux mixture or ammoniacal copper carbonate is recommended as 

 a treatment. 



Anthracnose (i^p. 442, 443). — This disease has been very severe on 

 Moore Diamond and Brighton varieties, and it is recommended that 

 growers make a trial of the acid sulphate of iron solution, the formula 

 for which is iron sulphate 110 lbs., sulphuric acid 1 qt., water 26 gal. 



Black rot, brown or gray rot, and ripe rot (pp. 444-448). — These dis- 

 eases were somewhat prevalent in certain regions, and the usual fungi- 

 cides are recommended. The reported failure of some vineyardists to 

 prevent these diseases was due, the author thinks, to too thick foliage 

 and improper application of fungicides. In some vineyards the vines 

 sufterc/d from drought. For these shallow and frequent cultivation is 

 advised. 



Spraying apparatus (p. 450). — Different forms of apparatus are 

 described. The knapsack machine is considered the most effective. 

 Hand pumps, the author says, allow of more rapid but less efficient 

 work, while power sprayers are, under favorable circumstances, the 

 most desirable for use in vineyards. 



Fornix las for fungicides (pp. 450,451). — Formulas are given, together 

 with directions for preparation for Bordeaux mixture, ammoniacal 

 copper carbonate solution, and acid iron sulphate solution. 



Report of botanist, F. L. Harvey {Maine Sta. Rpt. 1893, pp. 145, 

 140, 150, 152-158, figs. 5). 



Sjjnopsis. — The author reports briefly on the fungus diseases occuriiug during the 

 year, and at greater length on bean anthracnose, tomato anthracnose, potato and 

 beet scab, and western plantain. In addition to the diseases reported on at some 

 length, the following have been more or less prevalent in parts of the State: 

 Pear leaf blight, clover rust, and strawberry septoria. 



