632 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



system of extracting is pursued, the preliniiiiary drying of the roots 

 requiring 2 to 3 days. In the hiboratory it was found possible to obtain 

 by diffusion from the fresh roots, grated, a liquid extract in 4 hours. 

 The cost of a diffusion factory, with a capacity to handle 10 tons of 

 caiiaigre roots per hour, is estimated at from $100,000 to $125,000. 

 The cost of growing the roots for 1 ton of extract and of manufactur- 

 ing the same is estimated at $25 per ton of extract containing 55 to GO 

 per cent of tannin material. 



Time of seeding crimson clover, E. B. Voorhees {Agl. Sei., 8 

 (1894), JSfo. 6-9, pp. 298-302).— In experiments in New Jersey it was 

 found that where the soil was not reasonably good it was necessary, in 

 order to secure a good stand, to delay sowing until Septend)er. On 

 poor soils excellent crops were secured when the seed was sown even 

 ^ late as October. For good lands the author recommends that seed 

 be sown between July 15 and September 15. It was found that in New 

 Jersey spring seeding either alone or with oats gave disapiiointing 

 results. 



Studies on oats and barley, von Liebenberg {Mitt. Ver. Ford, 

 landw. Versuchsiv. Oesterr., 9 {lt<91)j No. 1, pp. 54-59). — When in the 

 spring a mixture of barley and oats was sown the yield of grain was 

 greater than that of oats sown alone. 



When seeding was done in such a manner as to leave plants of oats 

 and barley in alternate hills, the barley jdants so grown tillered more 

 abundantly than on plats where only barley was grown, notwithstand- 

 ing the fact that the space allotted to each oat or barley plant Avas the 

 same on all plats. 



The oat plants grown in alternation with barley plants tillered less 

 abundantly than oat j)lants grown alone. The author attributes these 

 results to the fact that barley stooled earlier than oats, and thus in the 

 mixture i)revented the full development of the oat i)lant. 



From his experiments on barley the author concludes that the longer 

 straws bear longer and heavier ears, with a greater number and heavier 

 grains. With oats the longer straws bore longer panicles and a greater 

 number of grains than the shorter straws. 



Culture experiments with Irish potatoes, W. M. Munson {Maine 

 Sta. Bui. 12, 2d ser., pp. 4). — With 3 varieties a comi)arison was made 

 between the Eural New Yorker trench system and ordinary culture. 

 Alternate rows were "trenched," that is, plowed about afoot wide and 

 8 in. deep, the soil in the bottom of the furrow being afterwards pulver- 

 ized and some of the earth being worked back into the furrow. The 

 seed pieces were covered to a depth of about 2 in., and then a complete 

 fertilizer was scattered in the trenches, which were then filled. Alter- 

 nate rows were simply plowed, the pieces dropped and covered, and 

 the fertilizer scattered on the surface. The results are conflicting. 



Rape as a forage plant, C. D. Smith and F. B. Mumford {Michigan 

 iSta. Bui. 114, pp. 29-34). — The author emphasizes the importance of 



