586 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD, 



The earlier cooperative experiments conducted by Professor Fjord 

 include investigations of such dairy problems as the use of low-pressure 

 boilers for creamery work, storage of ice and snow, conditions affecting 

 the shrinkage of ice in icehouses, creaming of milk, comparative value 

 of centrifugal and gravity creaming, experiments. in tbe manufacture of 

 skim-milk cheese, the cooling of butter, the construction of Fjord's 

 "control centrifuge," etc. Tliese investigations were conducted in 

 creameries and private dairies in different sections of Denmark, as a 

 rule in 3 or 4 different factories at a time, but occasionally, as in the 

 case of the experiments on the relative value of centrifugal and gravity 

 creaming, in as many as 16 different places. 



Tlie larger number of these experiments were conducted previous to 

 1883, and are described in the first 24 reports on dairy experiments con- 

 ducted by Professor Fjord. The Danish State experiment station was 

 organized as a separate institution in 1883 by the establishment of the 

 central station or the laboratory for agricultural economic experiments 

 of the Ivoyal Agri(;ultural and Veterinary College, The Government 

 appropriated 122,000 kroner ($33,000) for a building in 1882, and a sub- 

 stantial and commodious structure was erected during the following 

 year on the grounds of the agricultural college in Copenhagen, The 

 annual budget of the station has been about $16,500. 



The first feeding exi>eriments were begun in the winter of 1883-'84 

 with an investigation of the value of centrifugal skim milk for calves 

 and pigs. These were followed by experiments as to the comparative 

 value of grain, skim milk, and whey for swine, conducted in 1884-'87 on 

 9 different estates with 487 animals in all. Wliile the swine-feeding 

 experiments have been continued of late years, the main attention of 

 the station has since 1887 been directed toward the cooperative feeding 

 experiments with milch cows. 



These experiments have since 1890 been conducted on 7 or 8 dairy 

 farms in different parts of Denmark under the immediate direction and 

 supervision of the experiment station in Copenhagen. The owners of 

 the estates, who are progressive and public- spirited dairymen, gratui- 

 tously place a portion of their herds at the disposal of the station for 

 experimental purposes. The plan of the experiments and the questions 

 to be taken up for study are decided upon by the director of the sta- 

 tion after a thorough discussion and consultation with the owners of 

 the estates or their representatives and others interested. The prob- 

 lems investigated have always been of direct practical importance, to 

 Danish dairymen, while the experiments have been planned and con- 

 ducted in a strictly scientific manner ami errors guarded against in 

 every possible way, so that the results obtained could be depended 

 upon as absolutely correct. Since 1891 the study of each problem inves- 

 tigated has been continued 2 years without a change of plan, no results 

 being published before the second year's experiment is over. This 

 precaution haS;, however, been proven rather unnecessaiy by the results 



